Abstract: A process and device for enhancing the chemical protection capability of a collective protection filter whereby the process stream exiting the collective protection filter is passed through an Auxiliary Filter. The auxiliary filter containing an ammonia removal media, such as zirconium hydroxide impregnated with zinc chloride (ZnCl2/Zr(OH)4), an oxidizing media, preferably zirconium hydroxide impregnated with potassium permanganate (KMnO4/Zr(OH)4), and a methyl bromide removal media, preferably activated carbon impregnated with triethylenediamine (TEDA/carbon). The auxiliary filter and process are configured to remove toxic industrial chemicals including NH3, NOx (mixtures of NO and NO2) and CH2O, and CH3Br.

Abstract: A filter is provided for removing contaminants from a gas flow (e.g., an air flow). Multiple panel filters are arranged in a filter housing. The panel filters are arranged parallel or near-parallel to a main gas flow direction and spaced apart to define elongated gas flow channels between adjacent panel filters, each elongated gas flow channel extending generally in the gas flow direction. The elongated gas flow channels include inlet channel(s) and outlet channel(a) arranged in an alternating manner, the inlet channel(s) configured receiving the gas flow at the inlet end and the outlet channel(s) outputting a filtered gas flow from the outlet end. Gas flow redirecting structures are arranged to redirect the gas flow in each inlet channel through adjacent panel filter(s) and into adjacent outlet channel(s). The filter may provide a pressure drop of less than 3 iwg, less than 1 iwg, or less than 0.3 iwg.

Abstract: Various embodiments may include a system for removing contaminants from contaminated water comprising: a distillation still supplying heat to contaminated water to boil the contaminated water; a vent allowing a vapor stream to exit the distillation still; an oxidation unit removing additional contaminants from the vapor stream; an outlet discharging a purified water stream from the oxidation unit; and a heat exchanger transferring heat from the purified water stream leaving the oxidation unit to the vapor stream exiting the distillation still before the vapor stream enters the oxidation unit.

Abstract: Various embodiments may include a system for removing contaminants from contaminated water comprising: a distillation still supplying heat to contaminated water to boil the contaminated water; a vent allowing a vapor stream to exit the distillation still; an oxidation unit removing additional contaminants from the vapor stream; an outlet discharging a purified water stream from the oxidation unit; and a heat exchanger transferring heat from the purified water stream leaving the oxidation unit to the vapor stream exiting the distillation still before the vapor stream enters the oxidation unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to water purification. The teachings thereof may be embodied in processes for removing contaminants from contaminated water. An example process may include: boiling or evaporating a contaminated water to distill the contaminated water; removing a vapor stream from the boiling or evaporating contaminated water; delivering the vapor stream to an oxidation unit; removing additional contaminants from the vapor stream in the oxidation unit; and discharging a purified water stream from the oxidation unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for filtering undesired chemicals in streams of contaminated air for supply to confined areas. The processes provide (1) contacting air with a filter comprising by volume from about 5% to about 95% impregnated zirconium hydroxide, from about 5% to about 95% activated impregnated carbon, and optionally, up to about 50% ammonia removal material; and (2) supplying the contacted air to a confined area.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to water purification. The teachings thereof may be embodied in processes for removing contaminants from contaminated water. An example process may include: boiling or evaporating a contaminated water to distill the contaminated water; removing a vapor stream from the boiling or evaporating contaminated water; delivering the vapor stream to an oxidation unit; removing additional contaminants from the vapor stream in the oxidation unit; and discharging a purified water stream from the oxidation unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for filtering undesired chemicals in streams of contaminated air for supply to confined areas. The processes provide (1) contacting air with a filter comprising by volume from about 5% to about 95% impregnated zirconium hydroxide, from about 5% to about 95% activated impregnated carbon, and optionally, up to about 50% ammonia removal material; and (2) supplying the contacted air to a confined area.

Abstract: A method for extending the service life of a Collective Protection (CP) filter includes: providing at least one CP filter comprising a filter bed; and passing an airstream through a supplemental bed configured to enhance the filter bed by promoting reactions that facilitate the removal of one or more of chemical warfare agents and toxic threat compounds. An apparatus for extending the service life of a Collective Protection (CP) filter, the apparatus including: a CP filter comprising a filter bed; and a supplemental bed configured so as to enhance the filter bed by promoting reactions that facilitate the removal of chemical warfare agents and toxic chemicals.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing an amount of CO in a CO-containing gas stream, e.g., a combustion stream from fuel combustion, is provided. The method comprises exposing the CO-containing gas stream to a catalytic coating at reaction conditions, including at least 8 vol. % O2 and a temperature of at least 600° C. At these reaction conditions, the method comprises generating gaseous intermediate oxidizing species at the catalytic coating for oxidation of the carbon monoxide within the CO-containing gas stream as a homogeneous reaction to improve CO removal efficiency.

Abstract: A process and system (18) for reducing NOx in a gas using hydrogen as a reducing agent is provided. The process comprises contacting the gas stream (29) with a catalyst system (38) comprising sulfated zirconia washcoat particles (41), palladium, a pre-sulfated zirconia binder (44), and a promoter (45) comprising at least one of titanium, zinc, or a mixture thereof. The presence of zinc or titanium increases the resistance of the catalyst system to a sulfur and water-containing gas stream.

Abstract: Improved processes for activating a catalyst system used for the reduction of nitrogen oxides are provided. In one embodiment, the catalyst system is activated by passing an activation gas stream having an amount of each of oxygen, water vapor, nitrogen oxides, and hydrogen over the catalyst system and increasing a temperature of the catalyst system to a temperature of at least 180° C. at a heating rate of from 1-20°/min. Use of activation processes described herein leads to a catalyst system with superior NOx reduction capabilities.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in a gas stream (29) in the presence of H2 is provided. The process comprises contacting the gas stream with a catalyst system (38) comprising zirconia-silica washcoat particles (41), a pre-sulfated zirconia binder (44), and a catalyst combination (40) comprising palladium and at least one of rhodium, ruthenium, or a mixture of ruthenium and rhodium.

Abstract: Improved processes for activating a catalyst system used for the reduction of nitrogen oxides are provided. In one embodiment, the catalyst system is activated by passing an activation gas stream having an amount of each of oxygen, water vapor, nitrogen oxides, and hydrogen over the catalyst system and increasing a temperature of the catalyst system to a temperature of at least 180° C. at a heating rate of from 1-20°/min. Use of activation processes described herein leads to a catalyst system with superior NOx reduction capabilities.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in a gas stream (29) in the presence of H2 is provided. The process comprises contacting the gas stream with a catalyst system (38) comprising zirconia-silica washcoat particles (41), a pre-sulfated zirconia binder (44), and a catalyst combination (40) comprising palladium and at least one of rhodium, ruthenium, or a mixture of ruthenium and rhodium.

Abstract: A process and system (18) for reducing NOx in a gas using hydrogen as a reducing agent is provided. The process comprises contacting the gas stream (29) with a catalyst system (38) comprising sulfated zirconia washcoat particles (41), palladium, a pre-sulfated zirconia binder (44), and a promoter (45) comprising at least one of titanium, zinc, or a mixture thereof. The presence of zinc or titanium increases the resistance of the catalyst system to a sulfur and water-containing gas stream.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing an amount of CO in a CO-containing gas stream, e.g., a combustion stream from fuel combustion, is provided. The method comprises exposing the CO-containing gas stream to a catalytic coating at reaction conditions, including least 8 vol. % and a temperature of at least 600° C. At these reaction conditions, the method comprises generating gaseous intermediate oxidizing species at the catalytic coating for oxidation of the carbon monoxide within the CO-containing gas stream as a homogeneous reaction to improve CO removal efficiency.

Abstract: A selective catalytic reduction process with a palladium catalyst for reducing NOx in a gas, using hydrogen as a reducing agent. A zirconium sulfate (ZrO2)SO4 catalyst support material with about 0.01-2.0 wt. % Pd is applied to a catalytic bed positioned in a flow of exhaust gas at about 70-200° C. The support material may be (ZrO2—SiO2)SO4. H2O and hydrogen may be injected into the exhaust gas upstream of the catalyst to a concentration of about 15-23 vol. % H2O and a molar ratio for H2/NOx in the range of 10-100. A hydrogen-containing fuel may be synthesized in an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle power plant for combustion in a gas turbine to produce the exhaust gas flow. A portion of the fuel may be diverted for the hydrogen injection.

Abstract: A process for producing a stable high-temperature catalyst for reduction of nitrogen oxides in combustion exhaust gases at operating temperatures from 300° C. to over 700° C. without the need for exhaust dilution. A zeolite material is steam-treated at a temperature and duration sufficient to partially de-aluminize the zeolite to approximately a steady state, but not sufficient to fully collapse its chemical structure. Iron is added to the zeolite material. The zeolite material is calcined at a temperature, humidity, and duration sufficient to stabilize the zeolite material. Examples and specifications for ranges, order, and durations of steaming, calcining, and other steps are provided.

Abstract: A selective catalytic reduction process with a palladium catalyst for reducing NOx in a gas, using hydrogen as a reducing agent. A zirconium sulfate (ZrO2)SO4 catalyst support material with about 0.01-2.0 wt. % Pd is applied to a catalytic bed positioned in a flow of exhaust gas at about 70-200° C. The support material may be (ZrO2—SiO2)SO4. H2O and hydrogen may be injected into the exhaust gas upstream of the catalyst to a concentration of about 15-23 vol. % H2O and a molar ratio for H2/NOx in the range of 10-100. A hydrogen-containing fuel may be synthesized in an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle power plant for combustion in a gas turbine to produce the exhaust gas flow. A portion of the fuel may be diverted for the hydrogen injection.