Abstract: At least one next-action relevant to a publisher application and at least one service provider application associated with the at least one next-action is received at the publisher application and from a backend service. The at least one next-action is rendered, where a user's interaction with the rendered at least one next-action enables the user to preview inventory information from the at least one service provider application and to place an order. Payment information of the user is received at the publisher application and from a payment provider. The order and the payment information is sent to the service provider application though the backend service, and a status of the order is presented to the user.

Abstract: At least one next-action relevant to a publisher application and at least one service provider application associated with the at least one next-action is received at the publisher application and from a backend service. The at least one next-action is rendered, where a user's interaction with the rendered at least one next-action enables the user to preview inventory information from the at least one service provider application and to place an order. Payment information of the user is received at the publisher application and from a payment provider. The order and the payment information is sent to the service provider application though the backend service, and a status of the order is presented to the user.

Abstract: A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is received at a server and from a mobile web browser executing on a mobile computing device. At least one contextual action is identified based on at least content of a web page associated with the URL. At least one service provider associated with the at least one contextual action is identified. At least one service provider is communicated with for inventory information associated with the at least one contextual action. At least one data object including information associated with the at least one contextual action and the inventory information is sent to the mobile web browser.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to storing a secure application directory within a contactless smart card. The contactless smart card include secure memory area for storing software applications and may include a default application directory for listing the software applications stored within the contactless smart card to an external card reader. A second application directory is stored with an access key and a listing of a second set of software applications within the same contactless smart card. The second application directory includes improved application directory entries, where each application directory entry includes an application identifier, a starting memory block byte value, and a size byte value for each of the second set of software applications.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to storing a secure application directory within a contactless smart card. The contactless smart card include secure memory area for storing software applications and may include a default application directory for listing the software applications stored within the contactless smart card to an external card reader. A second application directory is stored with an access key and a listing of a second set of software applications within the same contactless smart card. The second application directory includes improved application directory entries, where each application directory entry includes an application identifier, a starting memory block byte value, and a size byte value for each of the second set of software applications.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to storing a secure application directory within a contactless smart card. The contactless smart card include secure memory area for storing software applications and may include a default application directory for listing the software applications stored within the contactless smart card to an external card reader. A second application directory is stored with an access key and a listing of a second set of software applications within the same contactless smart card. The second application directory includes improved application directory entries, where each application directory entry includes an application identifier, a starting memory block byte value, and a size byte value for each of the second set of software applications.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to storing a secure application directory within a contactless smart card. The contactless smart card include secure memory area for storing software applications and may include a default application directory for listing the software applications stored within the contactless smart card to an external card reader. A second application directory is stored with an access key and a listing of a second set of software applications within the same contactless smart card. The second application directory includes improved application directory entries, where each application directory entry includes an application identifier, a starting memory block byte value, and a size byte value for each of the second set of software applications.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to storing a secure application directory within a contactless smart card. The contactless smart card include secure memory area for storing software applications and may include a default application directory for listing the software applications stored within the contactless smart card to an external card reader. A second application directory is stored with an access key and a listing of a second set of software applications within the same contactless smart card. The second application directory includes improved application directory entries, where each application directory entry includes an application identifier, a starting memory block byte value, and a size byte value for each of the second set of software applications.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to storing a secure application directory within a contactless smart card. The contactless smart card include secure memory area for storing software applications and may include a default application directory for listing the software applications stored within the contactless smart card to an external card reader. A second application directory is stored with an access key and a listing of a second set of software applications within the same contactless smart card. The second application directory includes improved application directory entries, where each application directory entry includes an application identifier, a starting memory block byte value, and a size byte value for each of the second set of software applications.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a system that identifies network switches along a path. During operation, the system receives an address of a source node and an address of a destination node. The system maintains a set of topology information for a network. The system further simulates a data packet originated at the source node and destined for the destination node. During the simulation, the system determines whether a current-hop node performs layer-3, layer-2, or sub-layer-2 switching. The system sends a query to the current-hop node over a separate control channel to determine the status of the current-hop node and discover a next-hop node. The system then receives a reply. The system determines the next-hop node based on the reply and sets the next-hop node as the current-hop node.