Abstract: The present invention describes an improved membrane for Redox Flow Batteries, in particular for Vanadium Redox Batteries and energy storage systems and applications employing the Vanadium Redox Cells and Batteries. Redox Flow Batteries involve the use of two redox couple electrolytes separated by an ion exchange membrane that is the most important cell component.

Abstract: A vanadium halide redox cell including: a positive half cell containing a positive half cell solution including a halide electrolyte, a polyhalide complex, vanadium (IV) halide and vanadium (V) halide; a negative half cell containing a negative half cell solution including a halide electrolyte, vanadium (II) halide and vanadium (III) halide; wherein the ratio of the number of moles of polyhalide complex and vanadium (V):number of moles of vanadium (II) halide is about stoichiometrically balanced and wherein the ratio of the number of moles of polyhalide complex:the number of moles of vanadium (II) halide is in the range of from about 0.7:2 to about 1.3:2.

Abstract: A vanadium halide redox cell including: a positive half cell containing a positive half cell solution including a halide electrolyte, a polyhalide complex, vanadium (IV) halide and vanadium (V) halide; a negative half cell containing a negative half cell solution including a halide electrolyte, vanadium (II) halide and vanadium (III) halide; wherein the ratio of the number of moles of polyhalide complex and vanadium (V):number of moles of vanadium (II) halide is about stoichiometrically balanced and wherein the ratio of the number of moles of polyhalide complex:the number of moles of vanadium (II) halide is in the range of from about 0.7:2 to about 1.3:2.

Abstract: A vanadium redox cell having a positive half cell containing a positive half cell solution comprising a supporting electrolyte selected from H2SO4, HBr/HCl mixtures and one or more ions selected from the group vanadium (EI), Vanadium (IV), Vanadium (V), Br3 and Br2Cl; a negative half cell containing a negative half cell solution comprising a supporting electrolyte selected from H2SO4, HBr and HBr/HCl mixtures and one or more vanadium ions selected from the group Vanadium (II), Vanadium (III) and Vanadium (FV) and a perfluorinated cast cation exchange membrane or separator disposed between the positive and negative half cells and in contact with the positive and negative half cell solutions.

Abstract: A prior to charge vanadium halide redox cell, a vanadium halide redox cell which is at a state of charge selected from the group consisting of a zero state of charge and a near zero state of charge and vanadium halide redox cell which are fully charged and partially charged are described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a high energy density (HED) electrolyte solution for use in an all-vanadium redox cell, a high energy density electrolyte solution, in particular an all-vanadium high energy density electrolyte solution, a redox cell, in particular an all-vanadium redox cell, comprising the high energy density electrolyte solution, a redox battery, in particular an all-vanadium redox battery, comprising the HED electrolyte solution, a process for recharging a discharged or partially discharged redox battery, in particular an all-vanadium redox battery, comprising the HED electrolyte solution, a process for the production of electricity from a charged redox battery, and in particular a charged all-vanadium redox battery, comprising the HED electrolyte, a redox battery/fuel cell and a process for the production of electricity from a redox battery/fuel cell.

Abstract: A 3 M V(IV) bromide solution in 3-4 M HBr or HBr/HCl mixture is added to both sides of the redox flow cell or battery. On fully charging the cell, the vanadium (IV) bromide solution is reduced to produce 3M VBr2 in the negative half-cell, while the bromide ions in the positive half-cell are oxidised to produce 1.5 M Br3— or ClBr2. On discharge, the VBr2 is oxidised to VBr3 in the negative half cell while the Br3 or ClBr2— ions are reduced to Br ions in the positive half cell. The cell comprises carbon or graphite felt bonded onto plastic or conducting plastic sheets as substrate materials and the two half cells are separated by an anion or cation exchange membrane.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a high energy density (HED) electrolyte solution for use in an all-vanadium redox cell, a high energy density electrolyte solution, in particular an all-vanadium high energy density electrolyte solution, a redox cell, in particular an all-vanadium redox cell, comprising the high energy density electrolyte solution, a redox battery, in particular an all-vanadium redox battery, comprising the HED electrolyte solution, a process for recharging a discharged or partially discharged redox battery, in particular an all-vanadium redox battery, comprising the HED electrolyte solution, a process for the production of electricity from a charged redox battery, and in particular a charged all-vanadium redox battery, comprising the HED electrolyte, a redox battery/fuel cell and a process for the production of electricity from a redox battery/fuel cell.

Abstract: A stabilized vanadium electrolyte solution for use in an all-vanadium redox cell or battery, the stabilized electrolyte solution comprising vanadium redox ions, an electrolyte and a stabilizing agent, wherein precipitation of vanadium redox ions from the electrolyte solution is prevented or reduced by the stabilizing agent when precipitation of the vanadium redox ions would otherwise occur and wherein the stabilizing agent is present in the electrolyte solution at a concentration of from 0.05 to 20% mol/mol of stabilizing agent to vanadium redox ions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a high energy density (HED) electrolyte solution for use in an all-vanadium redox cells, a high energy density electrolyte solution, in particular an all-vanadium high energy density electrolyte solution, a redox cell, in particular an all-vanadium redox cell, comprising the high energy density electrolyte solution, a redox battery, in particular an all-vanadium redox battery, comprising the HED electrolyte solution, a process for recharging a discharged or partially discharged redox battery, in particular an all-vanadium redox battery, comprising the HED electrolyte solution, a process for the production of electricity from a charged redox battery, and in particular a charged all-vanadium redox battery, comprising the HED electrolyte, a redox battery/fuel cell and a process for the production of electricity from a redox battery/fuel cell.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a high energy density (HED) electrolyte solution for use in an all-vanadium redox cells, a high energy density electrolyte solution, in particular an all-vanadium high energy density electrolyte solution, a redox cell, in particular an all-vanadium redox cell, comprising the high energy density electrolyte solution, a redox battery, in particular an all-vanadium redox battery, comprising the HED electrolyte solution, a process for recharging a discharged or partially discharged redox battery, in particular an all-vanadium redox battery, comprising the HED electrolyte solution, a process for the production of electricity from a charged redox battery, and in particular a charged all-vanadium redox battery, comprising the HED electrolyte, a redox battery/fuel cell and a process for the production of electricity from a redox battery/fuel cell.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing an electrolyte for use in a redox cell, in particular for stabilizing an electrolyte for use in an all-vanadium redox cell, a stabilized electrolyte, in particular an all-vanadium stabilized electrolyte, a redox cell, in particular an all-vanadium redox cell, comprising the stabilized electrolyte, a redox battery, in particular an all-vanadium redox battery, comprising the stabilized electrolyte, a process for recharging a discharged or partially discharged redox battery, in particular an all-vanadium redox battery, comprising the stabilized electrolyte, and a process for the production of electricity from a charged redox battery, and in particular a charged all-vanadium redox battery, comprising the stabilized electrolyte are disclosed. Also disclosed are a redox battery/fuel cell and a process for the production of electricity from a redox battery/fuel cell.

Abstract: Conducting plastic electrodes and methods of preparing such electrodes are disclosed. The electrodes comprise a thermo-plastic polymer, an elastomeric polymer, and a conductive filler material.