Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing a silicon (Si) and/or germanium (Ge) foil, the method including: dissolving a Si and/or Ge source material in a molten metallic bath at an elevated temperature T2, wherein the density of Si and/or Ge is smaller than the density of the molten metallic bath; cooling the molten metallic bath to a lower temperature T1, thereby causing Si and/or Ge to separate out of the molten metallic bath and to float and grow as a Si and/or Ge foil on a top surface of the molten metallic bath; and separating the floating Si and/or Ge foil from the top surface of the molten metallic bath.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing a silicon (Si) and/or germanium (Ge) foil, the method including: dissolving a Si and/or Ge source material in a molten metallic bath at an elevated temperature T2, wherein the density of Si and/or Ge is smaller than the density of the molten metallic bath; cooling the molten metallic bath to a lower temperature T1, thereby causing Si and/or Ge to separate out of the molten metallic bath and to float and grow as a Si and/or Ge foil on a top surface of the molten metallic bath; and separating the floating Si and/or Ge foil from the top surface of the molten metallic bath.

Abstract: Antifoulant compositions include 10,10′-oxybisphenoxarsine and/or phenarsazine oxide with a quaternary ammonium salt. The antifoulant compositions may also include adjuvants such as fungicides, ultraviolet absorbers, and antioxidants. The antifoulant compositions can be used in fresh or sea water paints. In addition, the antifoulant composition may be used to stain or impregnate wood, thus preserving the wood.

Abstract: Polymeric or cellulosic water and/or heat degradable containers are filled with organic waste, primarily refuse foodstuffs. The containers are dissolved or melted, spilling the waste for sterilization and subsequent processing into animal feed. The containers include, or have added thereto during or after manufacturing, biocides, antioxidants, preservatives and/or antibiotics.

Abstract: A flexible coating composition of hard ceramic particles, a binder and a polymer, and a method of making the same is disclosed. The coating composition can withstand an animal attack with pressures.gtoreq.22,000 psi.

Abstract: An antioxidant composition which utilizes a desiccant carrier impregnated with a suitable fat soluble antioxidant is conveniently contained within a vapor permeable housing to prevent homogeneous mixing thereof with a stored product when the composition is provided in granulated form. The desiccant carrier is selected from a group of suitable hydrophilic materials which demonstrates the capacity for reducing levels of atmospheric moisture by absorption thereof, including for example, silica gel. The housing may conveniently be a sealed packet formed from a porous fiber material, such as, for example, that commonly used for fashioning tea bags and the like. Alternatively, the housing may include an enclosed perforated structure, the perforations of which are smaller than the granules of the contained composition. Where the composition is provided in the form of a unitary body, a housing need not be used.

Abstract: A new compound, Denatonium Capsaicinate, and a method of producing the same are disclosed. Denatonium Capsaicinate provides an enhanced bitter and/or spicy, pungent flavor and may be used as an aversive agent, biocide, antifoulant and flavorant, for example. It is formed by reaction of a denatonium compound, Lidocaine or Lidocaine derivative with Capsaicin or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: A composition that has insect repellent properties is made from cold processed extracted oils and an antioxidant, particularly from a combination of Neem, Citronella and Cedarwood oils. The composition can be made into lotions, creams or sprays for application to mammals and vegetation, or it can be formed into polymeric sheets, which in turn can be formed into various useful articles, such as animal collars, garbage bags, or planting material. The polymeric sheets can also be woven into cloth to form clothing, tents and other items. Further, the composition can be hydrogenated to form a semi-solid, which can be made into candles or other wax like substances. The composition is made be extracting the oils and adding an antioxidant, as well as other desired materials. Nitrogen gas may be used to cover the extracted oil before the addition of the antioxidant.

Abstract: An anal pad for preventing soiling of underwear due to undesired anal discharge. The anal pad includes a thin outer shell enclosing a semi-rigid shell. The semi-rigid shell may be a layer on one interior surface of the outer shell and it may also partially cover the opposite interior surface of the outer shell. An absorbing layer is located within the outer shell and the semi-rigid layer. The absorbing layer contains glycerin which absorbs hydrogen sulfide gas and the combination of the absorbing layer and the semi-rigid shell acts as a sound muffling camera so as to decrease the noise due to flatus. The absorbing layer is made of a light porous materials, the semi-rigid layer is made of compressed paper and the outer shell is made of a thin sheet of lignin paper. A layer of glue is provided on the outer surface of the anal pad for attaching it to a user's underwear.