Abstract: A first spectrum access system (SAS) instance receives a message (such as a heartbeat message) including an identifier of a first base station that is not registered with the first SAS instance. The first SAS instance accesses a database that is shared with a second SAS instance and periodically synchronized with the second SAS instance. The first SAS instance provides an SAS service that was previously established between the first base station and the second SAS instance in response to the database including a record generated by the second SAS instance for the first base station. The first base station registers to provide connectivity in a shared spectrum using the SAS service provided by the second SAS instance. The first base station transmits the message to the first SAS instance including an identifier of the first base station in response to the second SAS instance becoming unavailable.

Abstract: An apparatus such as a domain proxy implemented in an edge cloud of a private enterprise network includes a processor configured to aggregate traffic for Citizens Broadband radio Service Devices (CBSDs) in a private enterprise network. The apparatus also includes a transceiver configured to monitor communication with geo-redundant instances of a spectrum access system (SAS) that allocate frequency bands in a shared spectrum to the CBSDs. The processor is configured to instantiate a local SAS in response to the geo-redundant instances of the SAS becoming unavailable. The local SAS is configured to respond to heartbeat messages from the CBSDs. The local SAS is also configured to attempt to establish a connection with an environmental sensing capability (ESC) in response to the geo-redundant SASs becoming unavailable.

Abstract: Various example embodiments relate to support for Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) Devices (CBSDs) in private enterprise networks based on a spectrum access system (SAS). Various example embodiments may support use of local SASs for handling access by CBSDs to the CBRS based on association of the local SASs with a regional SAS and support for data synchronization between the regional SAS and the local SASs associated with the regional SAS. Various example embodiments may support dynamic control of CBSD traffic for a set of SASs that includes multiple regional SASs and a local SAS. Various example embodiments may support a domain proxy local co-existence management policy capability configured to support control over CBRS channel assignments for CBSDs of a private enterprise network. Various example embodiments may be configured to utilize a domain proxy to support CBSDs in private enterprise networks based on SAS systems.

Abstract: An apparatus (200) includes a transceiver (204) configured to establish a connection with a spectrum access server (SAS) (115, 116) and a processor (202) configured to monitor a status of the connection. The processor (202) is also configured to modify the connection to the SAS (115, 116) in response to the status indicating a possible failure of the connection. The processor (202) modifies the connection prior to expiration of a timeout interval for the connection to the SAS (115, 116). The apparatus (200) is a Citizens Band Service Device (CBSD) (131-133) or a domain proxy (DP) (130) that aggregates messages for multiple CBSDs.

Abstract: A domain proxy receives a request from a base station for allocation of a first portion of a frequency band to support cellular communication in a geographic area that is indicated in the request. The frequency band is available for exclusive allocation to an incumbent device. The base station is required to vacate the first portion of the frequency band in response to the incumbent device arriving in the geographic area and being allocated a second portion of the frequency band that overlaps with the first portion. The domain proxy accesses a policy for the base station from a database and, based on the policy, selectively provides the request to a spectrum access server (SAS) that is responsible for allocating portions of the frequency band.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment, a method may include sending, by a wireless node to a spectrum access controller, a request, including information indicating at least a location of the wireless node; receiving, by the wireless node from the spectrum access controller, information indicating at least one restricted channel for the wireless node and indicating at least one unrestricted channel for the wireless node within a shared frequency band; wherein the wireless node is prohibited from transmitting signals via the at least one restricted channel if the wireless node is in an unregistered state with respect to the spectrum access controller; and wherein the wireless node is permitted to transmit signals via the at least one unrestricted channel regardless whether the wireless node is in the registered state or the unregistered state with respect to the spectrum access controller.

Abstract: A spectrum access system (SAS) includes a transceiver configured to receive a registration request from a first base station in response to the first base station being installed. The SAS also includes a processor configured to allocate a channel in a shared spectrum and a transmission power to the first base station. The transceiver is configured to transmit a test grant authorizing the first base station to transmit on the channel at the transmission power for a predetermined time interval. The test grant is converted to a suspended grant following the predetermined time interval. In some cases, the transceiver is configured to receive the registration request from the first base station in response to the first base station being installed in a protection area.

Abstract: A base station establishes a wireless connection in a first portion of a frequency band with a user equipment located in a first geographic area. The first portion is allocated to an operator of the base station in response to a request transmitted to a spectrum access server (SAS). The user equipment is handed over from the first portion to a second portion of the frequency band in response to detecting presence of an incumbent that is allocated a third portion of the frequency band for exclusive use within a second geographic area that overlaps with the first geographic area. The third portion overlaps with the first portion. The second portion is allocated to the operator in response to the request. The first portion and the second portion are separated by a frequency bandwidth that is larger than a threshold determined based on a frequency bandwidth allocated to incumbents.

Abstract: A spectrum access system (SAS) grants one or more channels of a shared spectrum to a base station, e.g., in response to receiving a registration request from the base station. The SAS increments a usage of a connection between the base station and the SAS in response to the SAS receiving information indicating that the base station has an active connection with the apparatus during a service time interval. The processor does not increment the usage if the base station does not have an active connection with the apparatus during the service time interval. In some cases, the active connection is indicated by heartbeat messages exchanged between the base station and the SAS. A customer associated with the base station is charged a cost based on the usage determined by the SAS.

Abstract: An apparatus such as a domain proxy implemented in an edge cloud of a private enterprise network includes a processor configured to aggregate traffic for Citizens Broadband radio Service Devices (CBSDs) in a private enterprise network. The apparatus also includes a transceiver configured to monitor communication with geo-redundant instances of a spectrum access system (SAS) that allocate frequency bands in a shared spectrum to the CBSDs. The processor is configured to instantiate a local SAS in response to the geo-redundant instances of the SAS becoming unavailable. The local SAS is configured to respond to heartbeat messages from the CBSDs. The local SAS is also configured to attempt to establish a connection with an environmental sensing capability (ESC) in response to the geo-redundant SASs becoming unavailable.

Abstract: MPTCP connections and their corresponding TCP subfiows are routed by a load balancer toward backends. Each MPTCP connection is routed to a single backend and is able to include primary and secondary TCP subfiows. Routing includes performing, responsive to setting up a primary TCP subflow of an MPTCP connection, load balancing of the connection to select a backend for the connection. The MPTCP connections and their TCP subflows are tracked by the load balancer to route the MPTCP connections and their corresponding TCP subfiows to corresponding selected backends. A backend determines whether a request by a client to set up a primary TCP subflow of an MPTCP connection already includes a key used to generate a token used to uniquely identify the MPTCP connection from other MPTCP connections. The backend generates the token based on the key. The backend uses the token to distinguish subsequent communications for the MPTCP connection.

Abstract: An environmental sensing capability (ESC) cloud includes a transceiver configured to exchange heartbeat messages with one or more spectrum access servers (SASs) that are registered to receive ESC services for a shared spectrum. The ESC cloud also includes a processor configured to increment an ESC usage for the one or more SASs in response to successfully exchanging one or more heartbeat messages with the one or SASs in a predetermined time interval. In some cases, the ESC usage is associated with a dynamic protection area (DPA) that defines a local protection area that is activated or deactivated as necessary to protect Department of Defense (DOD) radar systems in the shared spectrum.

Abstract: An apparatus (200) includes a transceiver (204) configured to establish a connection with a spectrum access server (SAS) (115, 116) and a processor (202) configured to monitor a status of the connection. The processor (202) is also configured to modify the connection to the SAS (115, 116) in response to the status indicating a possible failure of the connection. The processor (202) modifies the connection prior to expiration of a timeout interval for the connection to the SAS (115, 116). The apparatus (200) is a Citizens Band Service Device (CBSD) (131-133) or a domain proxy (DP) (130) that aggregates messages for multiple CBSDs.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment, a method may include sending, by a wireless node to a spectrum access controller, a request, including information indicating at least a location of the wireless node; receiving, by the wireless node from the spectrum access controller, information indicating at least one restricted channel for the wireless node and indicating at least one unrestricted channel for the wireless node within a shared frequency band; wherein the wireless node is prohibited from transmitting signals via the at least one restricted channel if the wireless node is in an unregistered state with respect to the spectrum access controller; and wherein the wireless node is permitted to transmit signals via the at least one unrestricted channel regardless whether the wireless node is in the registered state or the unregistered state with respect to the spectrum access controller.

Abstract: A spectrum access system (SAS) grants one or more channels of a shared spectrum to a base station, e.g., in response to receiving a registration request from the base station. The SAS increments a usage of a connection between the base station and the SAS in response to the SAS receiving information indicating that the base station has an active connection with the apparatus during a service time interval. The processor does not increment the usage if the base station does not have an active connection with the apparatus during the service time interval. In some cases, the active connection is indicated by heartbeat messages exchanged between the base station and the SAS. A customer associated with the base station is charged a cost based on the usage determined by the SAS.

Abstract: A domain proxy receives a request from a base station for allocation of a first portion of a frequency band to support cellular communication in a geographic area that is indicated in the request. The frequency band is available for exclusive allocation to an incumbent device. The base station is required to vacate the first portion of the frequency band in response to the incumbent device arriving in the geographic area and being allocated a second portion of the frequency band that overlaps with the first portion. The domain proxy accesses a policy for the base station from a database and, based on the policy, selectively provides the request to a spectrum access server (SAS) that is responsible for allocating portions of the frequency band.

Abstract: A first spectrum access system (SAS) instance receives a message (such as a heartbeat message) including an identifier of a first base station that is not registered with the first SAS instance. The first SAS instance accesses a database that is shared with a second SAS instance and periodically synchronized with the second SAS instance. The first SAS instance provides an SAS service that was previously established between the first base station and the second SAS instance in response to the database including a record generated by the second SAS instance for the first base station. The first base station registers to provide connectivity in a shared spectrum using the SAS service provided by the second SAS instance. The first base station transmits the message to the first SAS instance including an identifier of the first base station in response to the second SAS instance becoming unavailable.

Abstract: A base station establishes a wireless connection in a first portion of a frequency band with a user equipment located in a first geographic area. The first portion is allocated to an operator of the base station in response to a request transmitted to a spectrum access server (SAS). The user equipment is handed over from the first portion to a second portion of the frequency band in response to detecting presence of an incumbent that is allocated a third portion of the frequency band for exclusive use within a second geographic area that overlaps with the first geographic area. The third portion overlaps with the first portion. The second portion is allocated to the operator in response to the request. The first portion and the second portion are separated by a frequency bandwidth that is larger than a threshold determined based on a frequency bandwidth allocated to incumbents.

Abstract: First user equipment transmits information identifying first interfaces supported by the first user equipment and first channel capacities associated with the first interfaces. The first user equipment receives information identifying a subset of the first interfaces. The subset is selected based on the first channel capacities and second channel capacities of second interfaces associated with at least one second user equipment. The first user equipment is then configured to aggregate the subset of the first interfaces. A policy server selects a subset of first interfaces supported by a first user equipment based on information indicating first channel capacities of the first interfaces and second channel capacities of second interfaces associated with at least one second user equipment. The policy server transmits instructions to the first user equipment to aggregate the subset.

Abstract: MPTCP connections and their corresponding TCP subfiows are routed by a load balancer toward backends. Each MPTCP connection is routed to a single backend and is able to include primary and secondary TCP subfiows. Routing includes performing, responsive to setting up a primary TCP subflow of an MPTCP connection, load balancing of the connection to select a backend for the connection. The MPTCP connections and their TCP subflows are tracked by the load balancer to route the MPTCP connections and their corresponding TCP subfiows to corresponding selected backends. A backend determines whether a request by a client to set up a primary TCP subflow of an MPTCP connection already includes a key used to generate a token used to uniquely identify the MPTCP connection from other MPTCP connections. The backend generates the token based on the key. The backend uses the token to distinguish subsequent communications for the MPTCP connection.