Abstract: In one example, a semiconductor device can comprise a substrate, a device stack, first and second internal interconnects, and an encapsulant. The substrate can comprise a first and second substrate sides opposite each other, a substrate outer sidewall between the first substrate side and the second substrate side, and a substrate inner sidewall defining a cavity between the first substrate side and the second substrate side. The device stack can be in the cavity and can comprise a first electronic device, and a second electronic device stacked on the first electronic device. The first internal interconnect can be coupled to the substrate and the device stack. The encapsulant can cover the substrate inner sidewall and the device stack and can fill the cavity. Other examples and related methods are disclosed herein.

Abstract: A display apparatus can include a substrate having a penetrating area and a separating area, the penetrating area including a substrate hole, a first buffer layer having a first-buffer lower layer, and a first-buffer upper layer, a first thin film transistor including a first semiconductor pattern, a first gate electrode, and a first source electrode and a first drain electrode, a first interlayer insulating film; a second interlayer insulating film, an opening extending through the second interlayer insulating film, the first interlayer insulating film, the first gate insulating film and the first-buffer upper layer, and a separation structure in the opening, the separation structure including a first separation layer having a same stacked structure as the first-buffer upper layer, a second separation layer having a same stacked structure as the first gate insulating film, and a third separation layer having a same stacked structure as the first gate electrode.

Abstract: A display device includes a display area where an image is displayed, a non-display area disposed adjacent to the display area, a first sub-pixel disposed in the display area, and a second sub-pixel disposed adjacent to the first sub-pixel in the display area. Each of the first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel includes a plurality of alignment electrodes spaced apart from each other, and a plurality of light emitting elements disposed between the plurality of alignment electrodes. Each of the plurality of light emitting elements includes a first end having a first polarity, and a second end having a second polarity different from the first polarity. An orientation of the light emitting elements in the first sub-pixel and an orientation of the light emitting elements in the second sub-pixel are symmetrical. The first sub-pixel includes an identification pattern for distinguishing the first sub-pixel from the second sub-pixel.

Abstract: A frame structure for a vehicle includes: an inner panel connected to a side member and defining an inner side of a rear part of the side member; an outer panel connected to a rear side of the side member and coupled to an outer side of the inner panel defining a closed cross-section together with the inner panel and defining an outer side of the rear part of the side member; an opening portion formed below the inner and outer panels partially opening the closed cross-section so that a front end of a rear suspension arm can be inserted into the opening portion; and a reinforcing member disposed in the opening portion defining the closed cross-section together with the outer panel and the inner panel and configured to close an internal space in the outer and inner panels.

Abstract: A frame structure for a purpose built vehicle (PBV) includes: two main side members extending while gradually rising toward a front of the PBV and extending in a front/rear direction to be disposed on either side of the PBV; two auxiliary side members respectively extending in a front/rear direction to be disposed on a lower side of the two main side members; a front cross member connecting the two auxiliary side members in a lateral direction of the PBV; and a plurality of vertical members respectively connecting the main side members and the auxiliary side members in a vertical direction.

Abstract: A frame for a purpose-built vehicle (PBV) includes: a front part frame positioned at a front side of a vehicle; a rear part frame positioned at a rear side of the vehicle; and a center part frame. The center part frame has a rectangular planar shape and is coupled between the front part frame and the rear part frame.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic light emitting display device with a touch sensor. The display device has a touch sensor that is directly disposed on a sealing part, thus removing the necessity of an additional adhesion process, simplifying a manufacturing process and reducing manufacture cost. In addition, the display device with the touch sensor includes a display cover electrode of a display pad that is made of a same material as a conductive layer included in the touch sensor, thus preventing damage to the display pad electrode.

Abstract: A display device comprises a first pixel including a first emission area, a second pixel including a second emission area spaced apart from the first emission area in a first direction, and a bank partitioning the first emission area and the second emission area, wherein the first pixel includes a first alignment electrode, a second alignment electrode, and a third alignment electrode sequentially located, spaced apart from each other in the first direction, and overlapping with the first emission area, first light-emitting elements above, and overlapping with, the first alignment electrode and the second alignment electrode, second light-emitting elements above, and overlapping with, the second alignment electrode and the third alignment electrode, and a dummy electrode between the first emission area and the second emission area, and overlapping with the bank.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided. The semiconductor device includes a substrate including an element isolation layer, the element isolation layer defining an active region, a plurality of word lines traversing the active region in a first direction, and a plurality of bit line structures on the substrate and connected to the active region, the plurality of bit line structures extending in a second direction different from the first direction. Each of the plurality of bit line structures includes a ruthenium line wiring including a bottom surface and a top surface opposite to the bottom surface, a lower graphene layer in contact with the bottom surface of the ruthenium line wiring and extending along the bottom surface of the ruthenium line wiring, and a wiring line capping layer extending along the top surface of the ruthenium line wiring.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including a plurality of pixels, a controller configured to output image data and a gated clock signal, the image data including a plurality of pixel data for the plurality of pixels, and a data driver configured to receive the image data and the gated clock signal from the controller, and to sample the image data in response to the gated clock signal. The controller detects a repeated data pattern where same pixel data is repeated in the image data, generates a clock enable signal having an off level in a period in which the repeated data pattern is transferred, and gates an input clock signal in response to the clock enable signal to produce the gated clock signal.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including a plurality of pixels, a controller configured to output image data and a gated clock signal, the image data including a plurality of pixel data for the plurality of pixels, and a data driver configured to receive the image data and the gated clock signal from the controller, and to sample the image data in response to the gated clock signal. The controller detects a repeated data pattern where same pixel data is repeated in the image data, generates a clock enable signal having an off level in a period in which the repeated data pattern is transferred, and gates an input clock signal in response to the clock enable signal to produce the gated clock signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided. The semiconductor device includes a substrate including an element isolation layer, the element isolation layer defining an active region, a plurality of word lines traversing the active region in a first direction, and a plurality of bit line structures on the substrate and connected to the active region, the plurality of bit line structures extending in a second direction different from the first direction. Each of the plurality of bit line structures includes a ruthenium line wiring including a bottom surface and a top surface opposite to the bottom surface, a lower graphene layer in contact with the bottom surface of the ruthenium line wiring and extending along the bottom surface of the ruthenium line wiring, and a wiring line capping layer extending along the top surface of the ruthenium line wiring.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method for fabricating the same. The semiconductor device comprising: a first level wiring disposed at a first metal level, and includes a first line wiring, a first insulating capping film and a first side wall graphene film, the first insulating capping film extending along an upper surface of the first line wiring, and the first side wall graphene film extending along a side wall of the first line wiring; an interlayer insulating film covering the side wall of the first line wiring and a side wall of the first insulating capping film; and a second level wiring disposed at a second metal level higher than the first metal level, and includes a second via connected to the first line wiring, and a second line wiring connected to the second via, wherein the second via penetrates the first insulating capping film.

Abstract: A display device, comprising: a timing control unit receiving a video signal including a control pattern from outside and generating a characteristic control signal and image data based on the control pattern; and a display unit displaying an image based on the image data, wherein the control pattern includes a data pattern in which effective data is encoded, and the timing control unit decodes the data pattern to generate the characteristic control signal including the effective data.

Abstract: A display device, comprising: a timing control unit receiving a video signal including a control pattern from outside and generating a characteristic control signal and image data based on the control pattern; and a display unit displaying an image based on the image data, wherein the control pattern includes a data pattern in which effective data is encoded, and the timing control unit decodes the data pattern to generate the characteristic control signal including the effective data.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device may include a gate insulation layer covering a top surface and opposite sidewalls of a fin-shaped active region, a gate electrode covering the gate insulation layer and a hydrogen atomic layer disposed along an interface between the fin-shaped active region and the gate insulation layer. A method of manufacturing the integrated circuit device may include forming an insulating layer covering a lower portion of a preliminary fin-shaped active region, forming a fin-shaped active region having an outer surface with an increased smoothness through annealing an upper portion of the preliminary fin-shaped active region in a hydrogen atmosphere and forming a hydrogen atomic layer covering the outer surface of the fin-shaped active region. A gate insulation layer and a gate electrode may be formed to cover a top surface and opposite sidewalls of the fin-shaped active region.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device may include a gate insulation layer covering a top surface and opposite sidewalls of a fin-shaped active region, a gate electrode covering the gate insulation layer and a hydrogen atomic layer disposed along an interface between the fin-shaped active region and the gate insulation layer. A method of manufacturing the integrated circuit device may include forming an insulating layer covering a lower portion of a preliminary fin-shaped active region, forming a fin-shaped active region having an outer surface with an increased smoothness through annealing an upper portion of the preliminary fin-shaped active region in a hydrogen atmosphere and forming a hydrogen atomic layer covering the outer surface of the fin-shaped active region. A gate insulation layer and a gate electrode may be formed to cover a top surface and opposite sidewalls of the fin-shaped active region.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device may include a gate insulation layer covering a top surface and opposite sidewalls of a fin-shaped active region, a gate electrode covering the gate insulation layer and a hydrogen atomic layer disposed along an interface between the fin-shaped active region and the gate insulation layer. A method of manufacturing the integrated circuit device may include forming an insulating layer covering a lower portion of a preliminary fin-shaped active region, forming a fin-shaped active region having an outer surface with an increased smoothness through annealing an upper portion of the preliminary fin-shaped active region in a hydrogen atmosphere and forming a hydrogen atomic layer covering the outer surface of the fin-shaped active region. A gate insulation layer and a gate electrode may be formed to cover a top surface and opposite sidewalls of the fin-shaped active region.

Abstract: In a method of forming a layer, a substrate is loaded into a chamber and placed at a home position that is a first relative angular position. A process cycle is performed a number of times while the substrate is at the home position. The cycle includes directing source gas onto the substrate at a first location adjacent the periphery of the substrate, purging the chamber, directing reaction gas onto the substrate from the first location, and purging the chamber. The cycle is performed another number of times while the substrate is at another relative angular position, i.e., at a position rotated about its general center relative from the home position.

Abstract: The present invention provides a display device with reduced power consumption and that reduces changes in luminance, and perceptibility of flicker, and a driving method thereof. A display device according to an exemplary embodiment comprises: a display panel configured to display a still image and a motion picture; a signal controller configured to control signals for driving the display panel; and a graphics processing unit configured to transmit input image data to the signal controller, wherein the signal controller comprises a frame memory configured to store the input image data, and the display panel is driven at a first frequency when the motion picture is displayed and the display panel is driven at a second frequency that is lower than the first frequency when the still image is displayed.