Abstract: The present invention provides methods, reactor systems, and catalysts for converting in a continuous process biomass to less complex oxygenated compounds for use in downstream processes to produce biofuels and chemicals. The invention includes methods of converting the components of biomass, such as hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, to water-soluble materials, including lignocellulosic derivatives, cellulosic derivatives, hemicellulosic derivatives, carbohydrates, starches, polysaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, sugars, sugar alcohols, alditols, polyols, diols, alcohols, ketones, cyclic ethers, esters, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and mixtures thereof, using hydrogen and a heterogeneous liquefaction catalyst.

Abstract: SOI devices for plasma display panel driver chip, include a substrate, a buried oxide layer and an n-type SOI layer in a bottom-up order, where the SOI layer is integrated with an HV-NMOS device, an HV-PMOS device, a Field-PMOS device, an LIGBT device, a CMOS device, an NPN device, a PNP device and an HV-PNP device; the SOI layer includes an n+ doped region within the SOI layer at an interface between the n-type SOI layer and the buried oxide layer; and the n+ doped region has a higher doping concentration than the n-type SOI layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, reactor systems, and catalysts for converting in a continuous process biomass to less complex oxygenated compounds for use in downstream processes to produce biofuels and chemicals. The invention includes methods of converting the components of biomass, such as hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, to water-soluble materials, including lignocellulosic derivatives, cellulosic derivatives, hemicellulosic derivatives, carbohydrates, starches, polysaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, sugars, sugar alcohols, alditols, polyols, diols, alcohols, ketones, cyclic ethers, esters, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and mixtures thereof, using hydrogen and a heterogeneous liquefaction catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, reactor systems, and catalysts for converting in a continuous process biomass to less complex oxygenated compounds for use in downstream processes to produce biofuels and chemicals. The invention includes methods of converting the components of biomass, such as hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, to water-soluble materials, including lignocellulosic derivatives, cellulosic derivatives, hemicellulosic derivatives, carbohydrates, starches, polysaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, sugars, sugar alcohols, alditols, polyols, diols, alcohols, ketones, cyclic ethers, esters, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and mixtures thereof, using hydrogen and a heterogeneous liquefaction catalyst.

Abstract: SOI devices for plasma display panel driver chip, include a substrate, a buried oxide layer and an n-type SOI layer in a bottom-up order, where the SOI layer is integrated with an HV-NMOS device, an HV-PMOS device, a Field-PMOS device, an LIGBT device, a CMOS device, an NPN device, a PNP device and an HV-PNP device; the SOI layer includes an n+ doped region within the SOI layer at an interface between the n-type SOI layer and the buried oxide layer; and the n+ doped region has a higher doping concentration than the n-type SOI layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, reactor systems, and catalysts for converting in a continuous process biomass to fuels and chemicals. The invention includes methods of converting the water insoluble components of biomass, such as hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, to volatile C2+O1-2 oxygenates, such as alcohols, ketones, cyclic ethers, esters, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and mixtures thereof. In certain applications, the volatile C2+O1-2 oxygenates can be collected and used as a final chemical product, or used in downstream processes to produce liquid fuels, chemicals and other products.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass using water. The method generally includes loading a reactor with biomass and water, heating the reactor to a first deconstruction temperature and establishing a first deconstruction pressure, maintaining the reactor at the first deconstruction temperature and a first deconstruction pressure for a first deconstruction period, flushing the reactor with water, and repeating these steps one or more times after establishing a second deconstructing temperature and second deconstruction pressure.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for deconstructing and purifying biomass using water. The method includes the steps of loading a reactor with biomass and water, establishing and maintaining a deconstruction temperature and pressure for a deconstruction period, flushing the reactor with water, and repeating these steps to produce a solid phase and a biomass hydrolysate.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass to produce aqueous and organic products using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction.

Abstract: Improved systems and methods for producing feedstock for biofuel and biochemical manufacturing processes are disclosed. Some systems and methods use components that are capable of transferring relatively high concentrations of solid biomass. Some systems and methods recycle a deconstruction catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for catalytically converting biomass to oxygenated compounds suitable for use in bioreforming processes.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for catalytic deconstruction of biomass using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, reactor systems, and catalysts for converting in a continuous process biomass to less complex oxygenated compounds for use in downstream processes to produce biofuels and chemicals. The invention includes methods of converting the components of biomass, such as hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, to water-soluble materials, including lignocellulosic derivatives, cellulosic derivatives, hemicellulosic derivatives, carbohydrates, starches, polysaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, sugars, sugar alcohols, alditols, polyols, diols, alcohols, ketones, cyclic ethers, esters, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and mixtures thereof, using hydrogen and a heterogeneous liquefaction catalyst.

Abstract: A housing is provided, with a plurality of tridimensional patterns formed on opposite surfaces of the housing. The patterns are formed by stamping process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to virus-like particles derived from West Nile Virus and to methods for generating the same. These particles are useful in diagnostic applications, and as components of vaccines directed at preventing the incidence of disease.