Abstract: A method of manufacturing a display device including the steps of: forming drive elements on a substrate; forming a planarization film in a position corresponding to each of the drive elements; forming a bottom electrode corresponding to each of the plurality of organic light emitting elements; forming a pixel isolation insulating film in a region between the bottom electrodes; forming an organic layer including a light emission layer above the bottom electrode by evaporation using an evaporation mask; and forming a top electrode over the organic layer. In the step of forming the bottom electrode includes the steps of: forming a bottom electrode material film; forming a photoresist film on the bottom electrode material film; exposing the photoresist film using the evaporation mask and developing it; and selectively removing the bottom electrode material film by etching using the photoresist film as a mask.

Abstract: Provided is a fluid measuring device for measuring flow speed of a fluid in detail. A fluid measuring device (10) is provided with a plurality of detecting sections (30, 40) and a calculating section (50). The detecting sections are arranged with a space in between on a pipe line (22) wherein a fluid flows, and the detecting sections detect parameters which change corresponding to a change of the state of the fluid. The calculating section calculates the flow speed of the fluid, based on the time shift (?T) of the parameter change detected by the pair of detecting sections and on a distance (L) along the pipe line of the pair of detecting sections.

Abstract: Provided is a fluid measurement device and the like for measuring flow velocity of a fluid in detail.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a display device including the steps of: forming drive elements on a substrate; forming a planarization film in a position corresponding to each of the drive elements; forming a bottom electrode corresponding to each of the plurality of organic light emitting elements; forming a pixel isolation insulating film in a region between the bottom electrodes; forming an organic layer including a light emission layer above the bottom electrode by evaporation using an evaporation mask; and forming a top electrode over the organic layer. In the step of forming the bottom electrode includes the steps of: forming a bottom electrode material film; forming a photoresist film on the bottom electrode material film; exposing the photoresist film using the evaporation mask and developing it; and selectively removing the bottom electrode material film by etching using the photoresist film as a mask.

Abstract: An active-matrix-type display apparatus ensuring sufficient luminous intensity of display devices within a display plane and allowing improved display properties is provided. Such display apparatus having of a plurality of pixels comprises a lower electrode formed on a substrate; organic layers formed on the lower electrode; and an upper common electrode formed on the organic layers; in which a plurality of the pixels are partitioned by a rib larger in the thickness than the organic layers and having at least a conductive material layer; and the conductive material layer is electrically connected to the upper common electrode.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a substrate, a plurality of pixels formed on the substrate, and a barrier plate for separating adjoining pixels from each other. Each pixel includes a lower layer portion having wiring formed on the substrate, an upper layer portion having an organic electro-luminescent element, and a middle layer portion for insulating the lower layer portion and the upper layer portion from each other electrically. The organic electro-luminescent element is connected with the windings through a contact hole formed in the middle layer portion. The barrier plate is disposed in the upper layer portion so as to overlap with a region including a contact hole not suitable for forming the organic electro-luminescent element.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence display in which plural rows of scanning lines and plural columns of signal lines are arranged, and pixels are arranged at the portions where said scanning lines intersect said signal lines The pixels have an organic electroluminescence layer inclusive of an organic light-emitting layer held between first pixel electrodes constituted by said scanning lines and second pixel electrodes connected to said signal lines The second pixel electrodes are arranged so that the second pixel electrodes are overlapped on said scanning lines in a direction in which said signal lines are extending and each of said second pixel electrodes overlap at least two neighboring signal lines.

Abstract: In an active matrix type display apparatus according to the present invention, the following measures are provided when stacking, on a substrate, a device layer (light emitting portion) formed by arranging a light emitting portion in a sub-pixel unit and a circuit layer (sub-pixel circuit) formed by arranging a sub-pixel circuit for driving the light emitting portion in the sub-pixel unit: the apparatus has a stripe arrangement as the arrangement of sub-pixel circuits and a delta arrangement as the arrangement of light emitting portions. Therefore, it is possible to improve reliability of the sub-pixel circuits while utilizing the advantages of the delta arrangement of the light emitting portions, and thus realize a high-reliability, high-definition, and high-brightness display apparatus.

Abstract: An active-matrix-type display apparatus ensuring sufficient luminous intensity of display devices within a display plane and allowing improved display properties is provided. Such display apparatus having of a plurality of pixels comprises a lower electrode formed on a substrate; organic layers formed on the lower electrode; and an upper common electrode formed on the organic layers; in which a plurality of the pixels are partitioned by a rib larger in the thickness than the organic layers and having at least a conductive material layer; and the conductive material layer is electrically connected to the upper common electrode.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a substrate, a plurality of pixels formed on the substrate, and a barrier plate for separating adjoining pixels from each other. Each pixel includes a lower layer portion having wiring formed on the substrate, an upper layer portion having an organic electro-luminescent element, and a middle layer portion for insulating the lower layer portion and the upper layer portion from each other electrically. The organic electro-luminescent element is connected with the windings through a contact hole formed in the middle layer portion. The barrier plate is disposed in the upper layer portion so as to overlap with a region including a contact hole not suitable for forming the organic electro-luminescent element.

Abstract: An exhaust gas dilution apparatus 10-2 is the same form multi-venturi type comprising a rectifier 11, divider 12, exhaust chamber 14, dilution tunnel 15, and a divider pipes 13t on the dilution side of a tunnel 15 side. All divider pipes 13 are provided with a venturi 21 having the same performance inserted in the same position, to measure the flow rate in the dilution tunnel and the flow rate on the exhaust pipe side. The opening of the shutter 19 provided in the exit of the exhaust chamber 14 is controlled so that the two flow rates are equivalent.

Abstract: An active-matrix-type display apparatus ensuring sufficient luminous intensity of display devices within a display plane and allowing improved display properties is provided. Such display apparatus having of a plurality of pixels comprises a lower electrode formed on a substrate; organic layers formed on the lower electrode; and an upper common electrode formed on the organic layers; in which a plurality of the pixels are partitioned by a rib larger in the thickness than the organic layers and having at least a conductive material layer; and the conductive material layer is electrically connected to the upper common electrode.

Abstract: An optical device includes an insulation layer formed on a lead electrode of an electrode, an electrode having an indium doped tin oxide in which indium/tin is 1.5 or less by the element ratio, an electrode having a laminate including an oxide layer in which indium is doped to tin and a tin oxide layer, and an electrode having conductive particles as a first layer, a polymeric layer as a second layer and a current collector as a third layer, and the second layer is disposed between the first layer and the third layer. A control device controls a driving current to an electrode in accordance with a temperature and a current supply supplies a current to an electrode for supplementing a dissolved portion of electrodeposited material. The optical device includes a polarization device which polarizes an electrode to an oxidation direction before electrodeposition on the electrode.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a substrate, a plurality of pixels formed on the substrate, and a barrier plate for separating adjoining pixels from each other. Each pixel includes a lower layer portion having wiring formed on the substrate, an upper layer portion having an organic electro-luminescent element, and a middle layer portion for insulating the lower layer portion and the upper layer portion from each other electrically. The organic electro-luminescent element is connected with the wiring through a contact hole formed in the middle layer portion. The barrier plate is disposed in the upper layer portion so as to overlap with a region including a contact hole not suitable for forming the organic electro-luminescent element.

Abstract: The invention provides an image display apparatus which increases the degree of freedom in designing of an active element of a pixel to allow good designing and can adjust the display brightness freely and simply. Each pixel includes a light emitting element (OLED) with a brightness value which varies depending upon an amount of current supplied thereto, a first TFT controlled by a scanning line for writing brightness information given thereto from a data line into the pixel, and a second TFT for controlling the amount of current to be supplied to the OLED corresponding to the brightness information written. Writing of the brightness information into each pixel is performed by applying an electric signal corresponding to the brightness information to the data line while the scanning line is selected.

Abstract: In conventional organic EL displays, a metal cathode is formed on an organic layer through vapor deposition. In these, therefore, the cathode is of a film having tensile stress and easily peels off from the organic layer to degrade the reliability of the organic EL displays. A novel organic EL device is provided, in which a film having no internal stress or having compression stress is formed for a second electrode or for a second electrode and a protective layer, on an organic layer at least including a light-emitting layer of an organic light-emitting material. Also provided is an organic EL display including a plurality of those organic EL devices.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence display of a simple matrix type in which plural rows of scanning lines and plural columns of signal lines are arranged, and pixels are arranged at the portions where said scanning lines intersect said signal lines, said pixels having an organic electroluminescence layer inclusive of an organic light-emitting layer held between the first pixel electrodes constituted by said scanning lines and the second pixel electrodes connected to said signal lines, wherein said plural second pixel electrodes are arranged being overlapped on said scanning lines in a direction in which said signal lines are extending.

Abstract: A target semiconductor device can be obtained stably by reforming an insulating film and a semiconductor. In a process of manufacturing a semiconductor device, at least one of the semiconductor and the insulating film is reformed after an annealing process for annealing the semiconductor at a temperature ranging from 20 to 400° C. in the atmosphere containing a gas of water (H2O) with a partial pressure from 1 Torr to a saturated vapor pressure for an annealing time ranging from 15 seconds to 20 hours.

Abstract: In an active matrix type display apparatus according to the present invention, the following measures are provided when stacking, on a substrate, a device layer (light emitting portion) formed by arranging a light emitting portion in a sub-pixel unit and a circuit layer (sub-pixel circuit) formed by arranging a sub-pixel circuit for driving the light emitting portion in the sub-pixel unit: the apparatus has a stripe arrangement as the arrangement of sub-pixel circuits and a delta arrangement as the arrangement of light emitting portions. Therefore, it is possible to improve reliability of the sub-pixel circuits while utilizing the advantages of the delta arrangement of the light emitting portions, and thus realize a high-reliability, high-definition, and high-brightness display apparatus.

Abstract: To provide an optical element in which resistance of electrodes on a scanning side is reduced, a rate of effectively utilizing light generated at organic layers is promoted and shortcircuit between anodes and cathodes is prevented, there is provided an optical element including first electrodes formed on a substrate, organic layers at least including organic light emitting materials formed on the first electrodes and second electrodes formed on the organic layers, in which the first electrodes and the second electrodes are formed to be substantially orthogonal to each other and the organic layers are formed in an island-like shape at positions at which the first electrodes and the second electrodes intersect with each other.