Abstract: To provide a fluorinated copolymer dispersion, whereby it is possible to obtain an article being excellent in water-and-oil repellency and less susceptible to a decrease in the water-and-oil repellency by alkali, etc. and which presents little impact to the environment by an organic solvent; a method for its production; and an article which is excellent in water-and-oil repellency and is less susceptible to a decrease in the water-and-oil repellency by alkali, etc.

Abstract: A liquid repellent composition which can provide an article with good alcohol repellency is provided. A liquid repellent composition comprising a fluorinated polymer and an aqueous medium, wherein the fluorinated polymer comprises units based on a monomer a, units based on a monomer b and units based on a monomer c. Monomer a: a compound represented by CH2?CH—Rf (wherein Rf is a C1-8 perfluoroalkyl group). Monomer b: a fluorine-free nonionic surfactant having a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond. Monomer c: another monomer copolymerizable with the monomer a and the monomer b.

Abstract: A water- and oil-proofing composition stable under highly alkaline conditions is provided. A water- and oil-proofing composition comprising a fluorinated polymer and an aqueous medium, wherein the fluorinated polymer comprises units based on a monomer a and units based on a monomer b. Monomer a: a compound represented by CH2?CH—Rf (wherein Rf is a C1-8 perfluoroalkyl group). Monomer b: a compound having a polymerizable unsaturated group and a cationic group.

Abstract: To provide a polymer which can provide a water- and oil-proof paper with excellent water and oil resistance. A polymer comprising the following units a, and at least the following units b among the following units b and the following units c, wherein the ratio of units a to all the units in the polymer is from 28 to 70 mol %, the total ratio of units b and units c to all the units in the polymer is from 30 to 72 mol %, and the ratio of units b to the sum of units b and units c is at least 45 mol %: units a: units represented by —(CH2—CHRf)— (wherein Rf is a C1-s perfluoroalkyl group), units b: units represented by —(CH2—CH(OH))—, units c: units represented by —(CH2—CH(OC(?O)R))— (wherein R is a C1-4 alkyl group).

Abstract: To provide a fluorinated copolymer capable of obtaining an article excellent in water and oil repellency, and friction durability of water and oil repellency. A fluorinated copolymer having units based on the following monomer a and units based on the following monomer b, wherein the proportion of the units based on the monomer a is from 20 to 50 mol % based on the total number of moles of units constituting the fluorinated copolymer, the mass average molecular weight is from 20,000 to 100,000, and the ratio of the half-width W1 of the peak of the fluorinated copolymer to the peak width W2 in a chromatogram obtainable by high performance liquid chromatography measurement is from 0.35 to 0.55: Monomer a: a compound represented by CH2?CH—Rf (Rf: a C1-8 perfluoroalkyl group; Monomer b: a monomer copolymerizable with the monomer a.

Abstract: To provide a liquid repellent composition whereby a treated article excellent in liquid repellency is obtainable, which is excellent in stability and does not have such a problem as an odor attributable to ammonia or an organic amine; a method for its production; and a method for producing oil resistant paper.

Abstract: To provide a fluorinated copolymer dispersion, whereby it is possible to obtain an article being excellent in water-and-oil repellency and less susceptible to a decrease in the water-and-oil repellency by alkali, etc. and which presents little impact to the environment by an organic solvent; a method for its production; and an article which is excellent in water-and-oil repellency and is less susceptible to a decrease in the water-and-oil repellency by alkali, etc.

Abstract: To provide a liquid repellent composition whereby a treated article excellent in liquid repellency is obtainable, which is excellent in stability and does not have such a problem as an odor attributable to ammonia or an organic amine; a method for its production; and a method for producing oil resistant paper.

Abstract: To provide a method for producing a liquid repellent molded product, whereby it is possible to uniformly apply, on the surface of a resin molded product, a liquid repellent composition containing an aqueous liquid having a compound having a perfluoroalkyl group with at most 6 carbon atoms dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous medium, and to obtain a liquid repellent molded product having excellent liquid repellency. The method for producing a liquid repellent molded product, comprises applying a liquid repellent composition comprising a fluorinated copolymer having structural units based on a monomer having a C4-6 perfluoroalkyl group, water and a C1-4 alcohol, to a resin molded product, and is characterized in that the content of the alcohol is from 70 to 99.9 mass % based on 100 mass % of the liquid repellent composition, and the application amount of the liquid repellent composition to the resin molded product is from 0.001 to 0.2 g/m2 as the amount of fluorine atoms.

Abstract: An optical modulation device includes a substrate having a principal surface, and electrodes provided on the principal surface of the substrate. The electrodes have end portion regions on the outer edge side of the principal surface of the substrate in a plan view, and planar-view corner portions provided between tip end outer edges which define the tip end shapes of the end portion regions in a first direction and side surface outer edges which define the side surface shapes of the end portion regions in the plan view have chamfered shapes.

Abstract: An optical waveguide device module has an optical waveguide device including an optical waveguide formed in a substrate, and a control electrode for controlling light; and a connection substrate including an interconnection, provided to the outside of the waveguide device, electrically connected to the control electrode. The control electrode includes ground electrodes that sandwich a signal electrode. The connection substrate has ground lines that sandwich a signal line. A width of the signal electrode in an input or output end is smaller than a width of the signal line on the waveguide device side. A distance between inner edges of the ground electrodes closest to the signal electrode, measured at an input or output end of the control electrode, is larger than a distance between inner edges of the ground lines closest to the signal line on the waveguide device side of the connection substrate.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an optical waveguide element that effectively diffuses charges accumulated in a substrate, and suppress DC drift or temperature drift. The optical waveguide element includes a substrate having an electro-optical effect, optical waveguides formed in the substrate, a buffer layer (BF layer) formed on the substrate, and modulation electrodes (signal electrode and ground electrode) that are formed on the buffer layer and modulate optical waves propagating through the optical waveguides, a charge diffusion layer that diffuses charges generated in the substrate is formed between the substrate and the buffer layer, and the charge diffusion layer is electrically connected with a ground electrode constituting the modulation electrode.

Abstract: An optical waveguide device module has an optical waveguide device including an optical waveguide formed in a substrate, and a control electrode for controlling light; and a connection substrate including an interconnection, provided to the outside of the waveguide device, electrically connected to the control electrode. The control electrode includes ground electrodes that sandwich a signal electrode. The connection substrate has ground lines that sandwich a signal line. A width of the signal electrode in an input or output end is smaller than a width of the signal line on the waveguide device side. A distance between inner edges of the ground electrodes closest to the signal electrode, measured at an input or output end of the control electrode, is larger than a distance between inner edges of the ground lines closest to the signal line on the waveguide device side of the connection substrate.

Abstract: An optical waveguide device module is provided, wherein a control electrode includes a signal electrode and ground electrodes disposed to sandwich the signal electrode, a connection substrate is provided with a signal line and ground lines disposed to sandwich the signal line, the distance W1 between the ground electrodes in the input end or the output end of the control electrode is larger than the distance W2 between the ground lines on the optical waveguide device side of the connection substrate, the control electrode has a portion of which the distance between the ground electrodes is smaller than the distance W2 in a portion away from the input end or the output end thereof, and interconnections of which the distance W between ground interconnections connecting the optical waveguide device and the connection substrate is at least smaller than the distance W1.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an optical waveguide element that effectively diffuses charges accumulated in a substrate, and suppress DC drift or temperature drift. The optical waveguide element includes a substrate having an electro-optical effect, optical waveguides formed in the substrate, a buffer layer (BF layer) formed on the substrate, and modulation electrodes (signal electrode and ground electrode) that are formed on the buffer layer and modulate optical waves propagating through the optical waveguides, a charge diffusion layer that diffuses charges generated in the substrate is formed between the substrate and the buffer layer, and the charge diffusion layer is electrically connected with a ground electrode constituting the modulation electrode.

Abstract: An optical modulator comprises a substrate 4 having a thickness of 20 ?m or less and an electro-optic effect, a reinforcing substrate 6 holding the substrate 4 thereon and a resin layer 5 disposed between the substrate and the reinforcing substrate, in which the substrate 4 includes optical waveguides 1 and 2 and control electrodes 3 and 31 which control light waves propagating through the optical waveguide, in which the optical waveguides include at least two optical waveguides 1 separated from each other, and in which the control electrodes 31 disposed between the two optical waveguides are configured to include two electrodes 31 disposed along each optical waveguide, and a thin line 8 conducting the two electrodes 31 at a same potential.

Abstract: An optical waveguide device that uses a thin substrate having an electro-optical effect and a thickness of 10 ?m or less, in which slab propagation light that is reflected from an end face of the device is removed and thus deterioration in an operational characteristic is suppressed. The optical waveguide device includes: a thin substrate which has an electro-optical effect and thickness of 10 ?m or less, and in which an optical waveguide is formed; and a supporting substrate that is adhered to the thin substrate through an adhesion layer. An antireflective film is formed on a part of a side surface of the optical waveguide device.

Abstract: An optical modulator comprises a substrate 4 having a thickness of 20 ?m or less and an electro-optic effect, a reinforcing substrate 6 holding the substrate 4 thereon and a resin layer 5 disposed between the substrate and the reinforcing substrate, in which the substrate 4 includes optical waveguides 1 and 2 and control electrodes 3 and 31 which control light waves propagating through the optical waveguide, in which the optical waveguides include at least two optical waveguides 1 separated from each other, and in which the control electrodes 31 disposed between the two optical waveguides are configured to include two electrodes 31 disposed along each optical waveguide, and a thin line 8 conducting the two electrodes 31 at a same potential.

Abstract: An optical waveguide device module is provided, wherein a control electrode includes a signal electrode and ground electrodes disposed to sandwich the signal electrode, a connection substrate is provided with a signal line and ground lines disposed to sandwich the signal line, the distance W1 between the ground electrodes in the input end or the output end of the control electrode is larger than the distance W2 between the ground lines on the optical waveguide device side of the connection substrate, the control electrode has a portion of which the distance between the ground electrodes is smaller than the distance W2 in a portion away from the input end or the output end thereof, and interconnections of which the distance W between ground interconnections connecting the optical waveguide device and the connection substrate is at least smaller than the distance W1.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for readily and efficiently preparing L-rhamnose with the use of a marine alga belonging to the family Monostromaceae, Ulvales.According to the process of the present invention, rhamnan sulfate is extracted from a marine alga belonging to the family Monostromaceae such as Monostroma nitidium Wittrock and the obtained extract is hydrolyzed by adding acid(s) thereto followed by heating or treating thereof with a cation exchange resin followed by heating to thereby give a solution containing free L-rhamnose.Since the solution thus obtained contains a large amount of salts, the removal of these salts is significantly important in the preparation of L-rhamnose. In the present invention, an effective process therefor is combined with a conventional method by using an ion exchange resin to thereby establish an efficient desalting process.