Abstract: In the present invention an electron-emitting material is provided wherein the field emission initiation voltage or work function is smaller than that of conventional materials. That is, the present invention relates to an electron-emitting sheet material which is a material comprising a substrate 102 and a graphite sheet 101 laminated on the top of the substrate 102, wherein (1) the graphite sheet 101 has a layered structure of layers of graphenes consisting of a plurality of carbon hexagonal networks, (2) the graphenes are layered relative to one another so that the c-axial direction of each graphene is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the substrate 102, (3) the graphite sheet 101 is laminated on top of the substrate 102 so that the c-axial direction of each graphene is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the substrate 102, and (4) the graphite sheet 101 comprises an element other than carbon as a second element.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a high thermal conductive element that has improved thermal conductivity in the layer direction while retaining the high thermal conductivity characteristics in the planar direction possessed by graphite. The present invention is a high thermal conductive element in which carbon particles are dispersed in a graphite-based matrix, wherein (1) the c axis of the graphene layers constituting the graphite are substantially parallel, (2) the thermal conductivity ?? in a direction perpendicular to the c axis is at least 400 W/m·k and no more than 1000 W/m·k, and (3) the thermal conductivity ?? in a direction parallel to the c axis is at least 10 W/m·k and no more than 100 W/m·k.

Abstract: The present invention provides an emissive material with excellent electron emission characteristics. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an emissive material consisting of oriented graphite, having a step of obtaining an oriented graphite comprising a second component and having pores on the inside by heat treating a polymer film in the presence of a second, non-carbon component.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a high thermal conductive element that has improved thermal conductivity in the layer direction while retaining the high thermal conductivity characteristics in the planar direction possessed by graphite. The present invention is a high thermal conductive element in which carbon particles are dispersed in a graphite-based matrix, wherein (1) the c axis of the graphene layers constituting the graphite are substantially parallel, (2) the thermal conductivity ?? in a direction perpendicular to the c axis is at least 400 W/m·k and no more than 1000 W/m·k, and (3) the thermal conductivity ?? in a direction parallel to the c axis is at least 10 W/m·k and no more than 100 W/m·k.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a high thermal conductive element that has improved thermal conductivity in the layer direction while retaining the high thermal conductivity characteristics in the planar direction possessed by graphite. The present invention is a high thermal conductive element in which carbon particles are dispersed in a graphite-based matrix, wherein (1) the c axis of the graphene layers constituting the graphite are substantially parallel, (2) the thermal conductivity ?? in a direction perpendicular to the c axis is at least 400 W/m·k and no more than 1000 W/m·k, and (3) the thermal conductivity ?? in a direction parallel to the c axis is at least 10 W/m·k and no more than 100 W/m·k.

Abstract: A principal object of the present invention is to provide efficiently an electron-emitting element demonstrating performance equal or superior to that attained with the conventional technology.

Abstract: A principal object of the present invention is to provide efficiently an electron-emitting element. The electron-emitting element includes: (a) a substrate, (b) a lower electrode layer provided on the substrate, (c) an electron-emitting layer provided on the lower electrode layer, and (d) a control electrode layer so disposed as not to be in contact with the electron-emitting layer, wherein the electron-emitting layer includes an electron-emitting material for emitting electrons in an electric field, (1) the electron-emitting material being a porous body having a 3D-network structure skeleton, (2) the 3D-network structure skeleton being composed on an inner portion and a surface portion, (3) the surface portion comprising an electron-emitting component, (4) the inner portion being occupied by (i) at least one of an insulating material and a semiinsulating material, (ii) an empty space, or (iii) at least one of an insulating material and a semiinsulating material and an empty space.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electron emission material that is excellent in electron emission characteristics, a method of manufacturing the same, as well as an electron emission element. The method is a method of manufacturing an electron emission material including a carbon material obtained by baking a polymer film. In the method, a polyamic acid solution is prepared in which at least one metallic compound selected from a metal oxide and a metal carbonate is dispersed; the polyamic acid solution thus prepared is formed into a film and then is imidized to form a polyimide film including the metallic compound; and then the polyimide film thus formed is baked to form the carbon material. The electron emission material is formed so that it includes a carbon material, a protrusion having a concavity in its surface is formed at the surface of the carbon material, and the protrusion includes a metallic element.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electron emission material that is excellent in electron emission characteristics, a method of manufacturing the same, as well as an electron emission element. The method is a method of manufacturing an electron emission material including a carbon material obtained by baking a polymer film. In the method, a polyamic acid solution is prepared in which at least one metallic compound selected from a metal oxide and a metal carbonate is dispersed; the polyamic acid solution thus prepared is formed into a film and then is imidized to form a polyimide film including the metallic compound; and then the polyimide film thus formed is baked to form the carbon material. The electron emission material is formed so that it includes a carbon material, a protrusion having a concavity in its surface is formed at the surface of the carbon material, and the protrusion includes a metallic element.

Abstract: A thermoelectric transducer comprising an emitter (1) for emitting electrons according to the action of heat or an electric field, a collector (2) disposed so as to face the emitter (1) and collect electrons emitted from the emitter (1), and an electron transport layer (3) held between the emitter (1) and the collector (2) to serve as a region for transferring the electrons emitted from the emitter (1), the electron transport layer (3) being a porous body having a mixed structure of a vapor phase and a solid phase, the entire solid phase which composes the porous body being composed of an insulating material, and the electrons emitted from the emitter traveling in the vapor phase by applying an electric potential to the collector (2) that is higher than that applied to the emitter (1).

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a high thermal conductive element that has improved thermal conductivity in the layer direction while retaining the high thermal conductivity characteristics in the planar direction possessed by graphite. The present invention is a high thermal conductive element in which carbon particles are dispersed in a graphite-based matrix, wherein (1) the c axis of the graphene layers constituting the graphite are substantially parallel, (2) the thermal conductivity ?? in a direction perpendicular to the c axis is at least 400 W/m·k and no more than 1000 W/m·k, and (3) the thermal conductivity ?? in a direction parallel to the c axis is at least 10 W/m·k and no more than 100 W/m·k.

Abstract: The present invention provides an emissive material with excellent electron emission characteristics. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an emissive material consisting of oriented graphite, having a step of obtaining an oriented graphite comprising a second component and having poses on the inside by heat treating a polymer film in the presence of a second, non-carbon component.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electron emission material that is excellent in electron emission characteristics, a method of manufacturing the same, as well as an electron emission element. The method is a method of manufacturing an electron emission material including a carbon material obtained by baking a polymer film. In the method, a polyamic acid solution is prepared in which at least one metallic compound selected from a metal oxide and a metal carbonate is dispersed; the polyamic acid solution thus prepared is formed into a film and then is imidized to form a polyimide film including the metallic compound; and then the polyimide film thus formed is baked to form the carbon material. The electron emission material is formed so that it includes a carbon material, a protrusion having a concavity in its surface is formed at the surface of the carbon material, and the protrusion includes a metallic element.

Abstract: Provided are an electron emission material having a reduced work function, and an electron emission element that has lower power consumption and/or high current density and exhibits excellent electron emission performance. An electron emission material includes a semiconductor substrate having atomic steps on a surface thereof and a flat region between two of the atomic steps adjacent to each other, and an adsorbed layer arranged in the flat region. The adsorbed layer contains at least one element selected from an alkali metal element, an alkaline-earth metal element, and Sc.

Abstract: A thermoelectric transducer comprising an emitter (1) for emitting electrons according to the action of heat or an electric field, a collector (2) disposed so as to face the emitter (1) and collect electrons emitted from the emitter (1), and an electron transport layer (3) held between the emitter (1) and the collector (2) to serve as a region for transferring the electrons emitted from the emitter (1), the electron transport layer (3) being a porous body having a mixed structure of a vapor phase and a solid phase, the entire solid phase which composes the porous body being composed of an insulating material, and the electrons emitted from the emitter traveling in the vapor phase by applying an electric potential to the collector (2) that is higher than that applied to the emitter (1).

Abstract: A principal object of the present invention is to provide efficiently an electron-emitting element demonstrating performance equal or superior to that attained with the conventional technology.

Abstract: In the present invention an electron-emitting material is provided wherein the field emission initiation voltage or work function is smaller than that of conventional materials. That is, the present invention relates to an electron-emitting sheet material which is a material comprising a substrate 102 and a graphite sheet 101 laminated on the top of the substrate 102, wherein (1) the graphite sheet 101 has a layered structure of layers of graphenes consisting of a plurality of carbon hexagonal networks, (2) the graphenes are layered relative to one another so that the c-axial direction of each graphene is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the substrate 102, (3) the graphite sheet 101 is laminated on top of the substrate 102 so that the c-axial direction of each graphene is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the substrate 102, and (4) the graphite sheet 101 comprises an element other than carbon as a second element.

Abstract: Three point contact legs are provided on the bottom of a housing of a probe head for sliding on a surface of a sample to be observed or on a sliding surface provided in the vicinity of the sample. The housing is held by a thin plate spring which is provided in a manner to be parallel with the surface of the sample. The sample or probe head is driven by an X-Y drive unit for positioning the relative position of the probe to the sample.

Abstract: A fabrication method provides fine structures which have few carrier trap centers and light absorption levels and find applications in quantum wires and quantum boxes having arbitrary configurations at least within a two-dimensional plane. The fabrication method comprises the steps of having a sharp tip held in close proximity to the surface of a substrate 1 and having a metal constituting the tip evaporated from the top. Alternatively, a metal contained in ambient vapor or a solution decomposed by a tunnel current or the like is provided. The metal is deposited locally on the substrate surface. A finely structured crystal is grown on the locally deposited region by a vapor phase-liquid phase-solid phase reaction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a positioning device comprising an X-Y scanning mechanism capable of scanning and driving in planar directions and a Z-scanning mechanism capable of scanning and driving in a direction perpendicular to the planar directions. A sample table is affixed to the moving part of the Z-scanning mechanism, and the housing of the probe head is fixed to the casing of the positioning device through a plate spring. The housing abuts against a plane formed in the moving part of the X-Y scanning mechanism through three point contact legs such that the resonance frequency of the entire device can be set high, thereby realizing a high anti-vibration effect and stable probe scanning. The housing of the probe head abuts against said plane formed in the moving part of the X-Y scanning mechanism through three ball bearings composing the three point contact legs, and is mounted on the fixed table through a thin plate spring.