Abstract: In a method for forming coatings, comprising the steps of applying a base coating containing a coloring pigment and/or a metallic pigment to produce a base coat, applying a topcoating containing a hydroxyl group-containing resin and a polyisocyanate compound over the base coat, and curing the coats at a temperature range between room temperature to about 140.degree. C., the method which is characterized in that the base coating contains the following as a vehicle component;(a) a resin having hydroxyl group and carboxyl group in the molecule,(b) a combination of the resin having hydroxyl group in the molecule and a catalyst for promoting the reaction between the hydroxyl group of the resin and the isocyanate group of the polyisocyanate compound in the topcoating or(c) a combination of the resin having hydroxyl group and carboxyl group in the molecule and a catalyst for promoting the reaction between the hydroxyl group of the resin and the isocyanate group of the polyisocyanate compound in the topcoating.

Abstract: A process for preparing a stable dispersion in an aqueous medium of particles of polymer, said process comprising the steps of:(a) reacting at least one radically polymerizable monomer in an organic liquid in the presence of a dispersion stabilizer for the particles to form particles of polymer insoluble in said organic liquid and water, said stabilizer being a resin having in each of its molecules on the average at least 0.3 unit of a polymerizable double bond and a functional group that can be neutralized with an acid or a base, said resin being capable of being emulsifiably dispersed or dissolved in an aqueous medium by neutralization;(b) neutralizing with acids or bases the functional group of the resin as a dispersion stabilizer; and(c) replacing the organic liquid of the resulting dispersion of polymer particles with an aqueous medium.

Abstract: A process for treating the surface of aluminum or aluminum alloy comprising the steps of contacting aluminum or aluminum alloy with hot water or steam to form an aluminum oxide layer thereon and conducting electrolysis using the resulting aluminum or aluminum alloy as an anode by applying direct current in an aqueous solution consisting essentially of a water-soluble salt of at least one oxyacid selected from the group consisting of silicic acid, phosphoric acid, molybdic acid, vanadic acid, permanganic acid, stannic acid and tungstic acid.

Abstract: In an aqueous coating composition comprising an aqueous medium having dispersed therein an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid resin neutralized with a base and a resol-type phenolic resin, an improvement characterized in that said composition further contains a copper compound dispersed in the aqueous medium in an amount of 0.0005 to 5% by weight in terms of copper metal, based on said polycarboxylic acid resin.

Abstract: In coating aluminum or aluminum alloy by contacting the aluminum or aluminum alloy with hot water or steam to form an aluminum oxide layer on its surface and thereafter electrophoretically coating the aluminum or aluminum alloy with an electrophoretic coating composition to form a resin layer, a process which is characterized in that said electrophoretic coating composition contains at least one water-soluble salt of an oxyacid selected from the group consisting of silicic acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid, vanadic acid, tungstic acid, permanganic acid, molybdic acid and stannic acid.

Abstract: A process for coating an aluminum or aluminum alloy comprising the steps of subjecting aluminum or aluminum alloy to boehmite treatment or chemical conversion treatment, conducting electrolysis using the resulting aluminum or aluminum alloy as an electrode in an aqueous solution of a water-soluble salt of at least one oxyacid, and thereafter coating electrophoretically the aluminum or aluminum alloy with an aqueous organic coating composition containing a binder resin and a water-soluble salt of at least one oxyacid to form a resin layer, said oxyacid contained in the aqueous solution and aqueous organic coating composition being at least one oxyacid selected from the group consisting of silicic acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid, molybdic acid, vanadic acid, permanganic acid, stannic acid and tungstic acid.

Abstract: A process for coating an aluminum or aluminum alloy comprising the steps of subjecting the aluminum or aluminum alloy to boehmite treatment or chemical conversion treatment, anodizing the resulting aluminum or aluminum alloy in an aqueous solution of a water-soluble salt of at least one oxyacid, and thereafter coating the aluminum or aluminum alloy with an organic coating composition to form a resin layer, said oxyacid being at least one oxyacid selected from the group consisting of silicic acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid, molybdic acid, vanadic acid, permanganic acid, stannic acid and tungstic acid.