Abstract: A radio frequency to direct current (RF-DC) converter for harvesting radio frequency energy includes an antenna circuit, and a plurality of cross-coupled differential-drive (CCDD) rectifier stage. The antenna circuit receives RF signals and outputs a positive signal at a positive RF terminal and outputs a negative signal output at a negative RF terminal. Each CCDD rectifier stage includes a first NMOS transistor, a first PMOS transistor, a second NMOS transistor and a second PMOS transistor. Each CCDD rectifier stage further includes two flying capacitors and two body capacitors. An input terminal is connected to a connection point between a source terminal of the first NMOS transistor and a source terminal of the second NMOS transistor. An output terminal is connected to a connection point between a source terminal of the first PMOS transistor and a source terminal of the second PMOS transistor.

Abstract: A tunable grounded positive and negative active inductor simulator and impedance multiplier circuit and a method for implementing the tunable grounded positive and negative active inductor simulator and impedance multiplier circuit are described. The circuit includes one second generation voltage-mode conveyor circuit (VCII+), a voltage source configured to generate an output current, a first impedance, a second impedance and an operational transconductance amplifier OTA. The first impedance is connected between the voltage source and the positive VCII+ input terminal, Y. The second impedance is connected between the second output terminal and a ground terminal. The OTA is configured to have a transconductance gain. The circuit is configured to be tuned by a selection of values for the first and second impedances.

Abstract: A tunable grounded positive and negative active inductor simulator and impedance multiplier circuit and a method for implementing the tunable grounded positive and negative active inductor simulator and impedance multiplier circuit are described. The circuit includes one second generation voltage-mode conveyor circuit (VCII+), a voltage source configured to generate an output current, a first impedance, a second impedance and an operational transconductance amplifier OTA. The first impedance is connected between the voltage source and the positive VCII+ input terminal, Y. The second impedance is connected between the second output terminal and a ground terminal. The OTA is configured to have a transconductance gain. The circuit is configured to be tuned by a selection of values for the first and second impedances.

Abstract: A tunable grounded positive and negative active inductor simulator and impedance multiplier circuit and a method for implementing the tunable grounded positive and negative active inductor simulator and impedance multiplier circuit are described. The circuit includes one second generation voltage-mode conveyor circuit (VCII+), a voltage source configured to generate an output current, a first impedance, a second impedance and an operational transconductance amplifier OTA. The first impedance is connected between the voltage source and the positive VCII+ input terminal, Y. The second impedance is connected between the second output terminal and a ground terminal. The OTA is configured to have a transconductance gain. The circuit is configured to be tuned by a selection of values for the first and second impedances.

Abstract: A tunable grounded positive and negative active inductor simulator and impedance multiplier circuit and a method for implementing the tunable grounded positive and negative active inductor simulator and impedance multiplier circuit are described. The circuit includes one second generation voltage-mode conveyor circuit (VCII+), a voltage source configured to generate an output current, a first impedance, a second impedance and an operational transconductance amplifier OTA. The first impedance is connected between the voltage source and the positive VCII+ input terminal, Y. The second impedance is connected between the second output terminal and a ground terminal. The OTA is configured to have a transconductance gain. The circuit is configured to be tuned by a selection of values for the first and second impedances.

Abstract: A tunable grounded positive and negative active inductor simulator and impedance multiplier circuit and a method for implementing the tunable grounded positive and negative active inductor simulator and impedance multiplier circuit are described. The circuit includes one second generation voltage-mode conveyor circuit (VCII+), a voltage source configured to generate an output current, a first impedance, a second impedance and an operational transconductance amplifier OTA. The first impedance is connected between the voltage source and the positive VCII+ input terminal, Y. The second impedance is connected between the second output terminal and a ground terminal. The OTA is configured to have a transconductance gain. The circuit is configured to be tuned by a selection of values for the first and second impedances.

Abstract: A tunable grounded positive and negative active inductor simulator and impedance multiplier circuit and a method for implementing the tunable grounded positive and negative active inductor simulator and impedance multiplier circuit are described. The circuit includes one second generation voltage-mode conveyor circuit (VCII+), a voltage source configured to generate an output current, a first impedance, a second impedance and an operational transconductance amplifier OTA. The first impedance is connected between the voltage source and the positive VCII+ input terminal, Y. The second impedance is connected between the second output terminal and a ground terminal. The OTA is configured to have a transconductance gain. The circuit is configured to be tuned by a selection of values for the first and second impedances.

Abstract: A tunable impedance simulator and impedance multiplier circuit and a system for configuring a second generation voltage-mode conveyor circuit (VCII) as the tunable impedance simulator and impedance multiplier are described. The tunable impedance simulator and impedance multiplier circuit includes one VCII having a positive input terminal connected to a voltage source, a negative input terminal connected to the voltage source, and an impedance terminal Z0. The impedance terminal Z0 can be either positive or negative. When the impedance terminal Z0 is positive, a positive active inductor, a positive capacitance multiplier, and a positive resistance multiplier may be implemented. When the impedance terminal Z0 is negative, a negative active inductor, a negative capacitance simulator, and a negative resistance simulator may be implemented.

Abstract: A tunable grounded positive and negative active inductor simulator and impedance multiplier circuit and a method for implementing the tunable grounded positive and negative active inductor simulator and impedance multiplier circuit are described. The circuit includes one second generation voltage-mode conveyor circuit (VCII+), a voltage source configured to generate an output current, a first impedance, a second impedance and an operational transconductance amplifier OTA. The first impedance is connected between the voltage source and the positive VCII+ input terminal, Y. The second impedance is connected between the second output terminal and a ground terminal. The OTA is configured to have a transconductance gain. The circuit is configured to be tuned by a selection of values for the first and second impedances.

Abstract: A tunable impedance simulator and impedance multiplier circuit and a system for configuring a second generation voltage-mode conveyor circuit (VCII) as the tunable impedance simulator and impedance multiplier are described. The tunable impedance simulator and impedance multiplier circuit includes one VCII having a positive input terminal connected to a voltage source, a negative input terminal connected to the voltage source, and an impedance terminal Z0 . The impedance terminal Z0 can be either positive or negative. When the impedance terminal Z0 is positive, a positive active inductor, a positive capacitance multiplier, and a positive resistance multiplier may be implemented. When the impedance terminal Z0 is negative, a negative active inductor, a negative capacitance simulator, and a negative resistance simulator may be implemented.

Abstract: A tunable grounded positive and negative active inductor simulator and impedance multiplier circuit and a method for implementing the tunable grounded positive and negative active inductor simulator and impedance multiplier circuit are described. The circuit includes one second generation voltage-mode conveyor circuit (VCII+), a voltage source configured to generate an output current, a first impedance, a second impedance and an operational transconductance amplifier OTA. The first impedance is connected between the voltage source and the positive VCII+ input terminal, Y. The second impedance is connected between the second output terminal and a ground terminal. The OTA is configured to have a transconductance gain. The circuit is configured to be tuned by a selection of values for the first and second impedances.