Abstract: A stereo disparity between a reference image and a search image for a reference pixel in the reference image is determined by (a) calculating a similarity measure between a reference window including a set of pixels centering on the reference pixel and each of a group of search windows in the search image which is of a same shape with the reference window and displaced from the reference window within a predetermined search range, wherein a matching pixel count, which is the number of pixels in the reference window which are similar in intensity to corresponding pixels in a search window, is used as the similarity measure between the reference window and the search window; and (b) determining a displacement between the reference window and a search window which yields a largest similarity measure as the stereo disparity for the reference pixel.

Abstract: A pad structure, a method of forming a pad structure, a semiconductor device having a pad structure and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device are disclosed. The pad structure may include a first pad, a second pad, a third pad and/or a spacer. The first pad may contact a contact region on a substrate. The first pad may include doped polysilicon. The second pad may contact the first pad. The second pad may include a metal silicide or a metal silicongermanium. The third pad may contact the second pad. The third pad may include a conductive material (e.g., doped polysilicon, a metal or a metal nitride). The spacer may be formed on sidewalls of the second and the third pads.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to a capacitor, a method of forming the same, a semiconductor device having the capacitor and a method of manufacturing the same. Other example embodiments are directed to a capacitor having an upper electrode structure including a first upper electrode and a second upper electrode, a method of forming the same, a semiconductor device having the capacitor and a method of manufacturing the same. In a method of forming a capacitor, a lower electrode may be formed on a substrate, and then a dielectric layer may be formed on the lower electrode. An upper electrode structure may be formed on the dielectric layer. The upper electrode structure may include a first upper electrode and a second upper electrode. The second upper electrode may include at least two of a silicon layer, a first silicon germanium layer and a second silicon germanium layer doped with p-type impurities.

Abstract: A method for indexing and searching a moving picture using a motion activity description method is disclosed, which includes a step for describing a motion feature information based on a f—code which is a size of a video name, a time stamp and a motion search, and a step for indexing and searching a moving picture using the same, for thereby describing a feature with respect to a motion activity using an information existing in a compressed data when searching a moving picture.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for retrieving multimedia data using shape information. The multimedia data retrieval apparatus comprises a shape information feature extractor for receiving shape information of a query image and extracting a feature of the received shape information using a shape information descriptor based on eigen vectors of a multilayer covariance matrix, an image feature extractor for extracting a feature of each image data in the same manner as the shape information feature extractor, a multimedia database creator for creating a multimedia database on the basis of the features extracted by the image feature extractor, a similarity comparator for comparing the feature of the query image extracted by the shape information feature extractor with the features of the image data in the multimedia database to calculate similarities therebetween, and a compared result output unit for outputting the results calculated by the similarity comparator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing sustained-releasing agricultural chemicals. The effective ingredients of the agricultural chemicals are absorbed into a carrier and are released sustainedly. The effect of a injection last about 30 to 40 days, and the concentration of the agricultural chemicals is enough to have an effect. The agricultural chemicals of this invention may save the farmers' labor, reduce costs caused by continuous injections, and decline environmental contamination as an environmentalfriendly agricultural chemicals.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for retrieving a moving picture using a descriptor of a tree-structured moving picture index. If the user starts a query for the retrieval of information, a decoder sends an in-index highest-order key frame number, in-index edge information and an intra-layer threshold value list of a tree-structured moving picture index descriptor stored therein to a server environment. Then, the server environment reads a key frame number and sends it to the decoder. The decoder sends a feature vector designated by the key frame number to the server environment. Subsequently, the server environment first compares the designated feature vector with a query feature vector and, thereafter, the compared result with a threshold value and retrieval precision desired by the user to determine whether the key frame number is concerned with a query picture. If the key frame number is concerned with the query picture, the server environment transfers the retrieved result to a user environment.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for searching a human three-dimensional (3D) posture which can rapidly and accurately search a human 3D posture by effectively representing the human 3D posture with a small amount of data. According to the method, a posture database is established by extracting posture descriptors using relation among respective joints of a body, and a feature of a query 3D posture is simultaneously extracted in the same manner. Then, the similarity is calculated by comparing the posture descriptor of the query 3D posture with the posture descriptors of postures in the posture database, and then outputted to search the human 3D posture.