Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor; and a cleaning blade. The electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an outermost layer having a ten-point average roughness Rz of from 0.5 to 2.4 ?m and an average interval between concavities and convexities Sm of from 30 to 300 ?m, and the cleaning blade includes a reed-shaped elastic blade having a contact point to the electrophotographic photoreceptor. The contact point includes a substrate; a mixed layer overlying the substrate, including a material forming the substrate and at least one of an acrylic resin and a methacrylic resin and having a thickness not less than 1.0 ?m; and a surface layer overlying the mixed layer, including at least one of an acrylic resin and a methacrylic resin and having a thickness not less than 0.1 ?m.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer, and a cured protection layer, wherein the cured protection layer comprises a cured material of a tri- or more functional radical polymerizable compound and a filler exposed from the surface of the cured protection layer which comprises a bump along the surface of the filler, and wherein the cured protection layer has a thickness (T) larger than a diameter (2r) of the filler therein and the following relationships (a) is satisfied: (the number of the fillers present to a depth of T/2 from a free surface of the cured protection layer/the total number of the fillers in the cured protection layer)×100?7%??(a).

Abstract: A lighting device is provided with an illumination unit including two or less LED light sources. The illumination unit uses the two or less LED light sources to emit light of a short wavelength band and light of a long wavelength band. An output varying unit functions to vary an output of at least the long wavelength band light. When the output varying unit receives a varying signal, the output varying unit functions to decrease the output of at least the long wavelength band light.

Abstract: An image bearing member including an electroconductive substrate, a charge generation layer, a charge transport layer and, a cross-linked type charge transport layer, the cross-linked type charge transport layer having a structure unit deriving from a first component, a second component, and a third component, the first component containing a copolymer having a cyclic structure and/or a structure represented by a Chemical structure 1 as a repeating unit, where Ra represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group and Rb represents a straight-chained saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 8 to 34 carbon atoms, the second component containing at least one of a radical polymerizable monomer and a radical polymerizable oligomer without a charge transport structure, and the third component containing one or more kinds of radical polymerizable compounds having a charge transport structure.

Abstract: An illumination controller controls a light source unit having multiple types of light sources that emit light of different colors. The controller including: a dial, which is rotatable, used to adjust a color temperature and an illuminance of light irradiated from the light source unit; a memory which stores one or more control curves in which the color temperature and the illuminance of light irradiated from the light source unit change in conjunction with each other; and an adjustment unit used to adjust one of the control curves stored in the memory. Thus, when the dial is rotated, the color temperature and the illuminance of light irradiated from the light source unit change according to values determined by the control curve which is adjusted by the adjustment unit.

Abstract: An illumination controller, which is configured to control a light source unit, includes: a dial, which is rotatable, used to adjust a color temperature and a quantity of light irradiated from the light source unit, a memory which stores one or more control curves in which the color temperature and the quantity of light irradiated from the light source unit change in conjunction with each other; and a curve selection unit used to select one curve among the control curves stored in the memory. When the dial is rotated, the color temperature and the quantity of light irradiated from the light source unit change according to values defined on the control curve selected by the curve selection unit.

Abstract: A lighting device includes an LED light source that emits light having a first peak wavelength at 430 to 460 nm and a second peak wavelength at 530 to 570 nm.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer on an electroconductive substrate, wherein the charge generation layer includes titanylphthalocyanine and a binder resin which is a crosslinked material of a resin comprising a polyvinylbutyrat site having the following formula (1) and an isocyanate compound having the following formula (2): wherein R1 and R2 independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; k, l, m and n represent composition ratios and k+1 is from 0.60 to 0.80, wherein k or 1 may be 0, m is from 0.02 to 0.03, and n is from 0.20 to 0.40; wherein A represents a substituted or unsubstituted organic group having 2 to 4 valences; and O represents an integer of from 2 to 4.

Abstract: In a photometry device, photopic vision luminance Lp is measured by a first luminance measuring unit including a first light filter 4 and a first photoelectric converter 5, and scotopic vision luminance Ls is measured by a second luminance measuring unit including a second light filter 6 and a second photoelectric converter 7. A calculation part 8 calculates mesopic vision luminance Lmes based on a measurement value (photopic vision luminance Lp) of the first luminance measuring unit and a ratio of a measurement value (scotopic vision luminance Ls) of the second luminance measuring unit to the measurement value (photopic vision luminance Lp) of the first luminance measuring unit. Consequently, the photometry device can improve measurement accuracy of the brightness (mesopic vision luminance) in mesopic vision.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member having a surface layer A having a surface hardness of 200 N/mm2 or greater, the surface layer A containing fillers made of a metal oxide and a cleaning blade having a reed-like elastic blade having a front edge portion to remove toner from the surface layer A in motion while the front edge portion is in contact with the surface layer A, the front edge portion having a laminate structure formed of a substrate of the elastic blade, a mixed layer of the substrate and an acrylic and/or methacrylic resin, the mixed layer having a thickness of 1.0 ?m or greater, and a surface layer B having an acrylic and/or methacrylic resin, the surface layer B having a thickness of 0.1 ?m or greater.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer overlying the electroconductive substrate; and a surface layer overlying the photosensitive layer, wherein the surface layer includes a resin having no charge transportability; and an inorganic particulate material, wherein the inorganic particulate material is a zinc oxide doped with a boron group, and wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor has a surface specific resistivity (R1) not less than 1013 ?/cm2 when the surface layer has an electric field intensity of 1×104 V/cm, and a ratio (R1/R15) of the surface specific resistivity (R1) to a surface specific resistivity (R15) when the surface layer has an electric field intensity of 1.5×105 V/cm of from 100 to 5,000.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer located overlying the conductive substrate, and a hardened protective layer located overlying the photosensitive layer. The hardened protective layer comprises a hardened material of a hardenable composition comprising a radical-polymerizable compound (A) having a charge transport structure and a radical-polymerizable compound (B) having an adamantane skeleton.

Abstract: A lighting system includes a lighting load and a lighting control device. The lighting control device is configured to adjust a light output of the lighting load to a first light output corresponding to a first correlated color temperature and a first illuminance in a first time slot, and to decrease the light output of the lighting load up to a second light output corresponding to a second correlated color temperature and a second illuminance with the passage of time in a second time slot after the first time slot.

Abstract: To provide an electrophotographic photoconductor, containing: a conductive support; a photosensitive layer provided above the conductive support; and a hardened protective layer provided above the photosensitive layer, wherein the hardened protective layer contains a hardened product of a radical polymerizable compound containing an adamantane skeleton.

Abstract: An image bearing member includes a substrate, a photosensitive layer overlying the substrate, and a surface protective layer overlying the photosensitive layer and having a surface comprising multiple concave structures with a maximum diameter of from 1 ?m to 3 ?m and a maximum depth of from 10 nm to 50 nm. Any one of the concave structures has at least one other concave structure within 3 ?m thereof.

Abstract: A light source apparatus includes a first light emitter, a second light emitter, and a third light emitter. The first light emitter has a peak wavelength within the range from 600 nm to 660 nm and a wavelength range at half peak intensity wider than the range from 600 nm to 660 nm, the second light emitter has a peak wavelength within the range from 530 nm to 570 nm and a wavelength range at half peak intensity wider than the range from 530 nm to 570 nm, and the third light emitter which a peak wavelength is 420 nm-470 nm in a spectral power distribution thereof.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer located overlying the conductive substrate. The photosensitive layer comprises a specific diamine compound.

Abstract: A lighting device includes a lower irradiation portion for irradiating light mainly in a vertically downward direction and an upper irradiation portion for irradiating light more horizontally than the lower irradiation portion. An irradiation angle of the upper irradiation portion is smaller than that of the lower irradiation portion. The upper irradiation portion is configured to reduce an S/P ratio denoting a ratio of scotopic vision luminance to photopic vision luminance.

Abstract: A white organic electroluminescence device includes: an anode electrode; a cathode electrode; a hole transport layer arranged between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode; an electron transport layer arranged between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode; and a plurality of light emission layers into which holes and electrons are injected from the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer, the light emission layers arranged between the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer. The light emission layers are configured to have at least one emission peak wavelength for each of blue, green and red. colors, and the emission peak. wavelength of the blue color ranges from about 445 nm to about 455 nm.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer, and a cured protection layer, wherein the cured protection layer comprises a cured material of a tri- or more functional radical polymerizable compound and a filler exposed from the surface of the cured protection layer which comprises a bump along the surface of the filler, and wherein the cured protection layer has a thickness (T) larger than a diameter (2r) of the filler therein and the following relationships (a) is satisfied: (the number of the fillers present to a depth of T/2 from a free surface of the cured protection layer/the total number of the fillers in the cured protection layer)×100?7%??(a).