Abstract: A top-blowing lance nozzle is configured to freely switch an adequate expansion condition so as to control an oxygen-blowing amount and a jetting velocity independently of each other without requiring a plurality of lance nozzles or a mechanically movable part. A lance nozzle is configured to blow refining oxygen to molten iron charged in a reaction vessel while a gas is blown from a top-blowing lance to the molten iron. One or more blowing holes for blowing a working gas are on an inner wall side surface of the nozzle, at a site where the lance nozzle has a minimum cross-sectional area in a nozzle axis direction or at a neighboring site of the site.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is provided with a header that has a body section formed in a cylindrical shape and a divider that divides an internal space in the body section. In a state in which the body section and the divider are combined with each other, plate distal end portions of a pair of side plate portions of the divider do not protrude from a pair of respective insertion portions of the body section toward an outside of the body section. The plate distal end portions are deformed in such a state that walls of the plate distal end portions are spread out such that end faces of the plate distal end portions each form a V-shaped groove, and are in engagement with inner walls of the pair of respective insertion portions inside through holes defined by the pair of respective insertion portions.

Abstract: A molten iron refining method having, an auxiliary material, and an oxidizing gas supplied through a top-blowing lance, to a cold iron source and molten pig iron that are contained/fed in a converter-type vessel, and molten iron is subjected to a refining process. A pre-charged cold iron source is charged into the converter-type vessel at an amount not larger than 0.15 times. A furnace-top-added cold iron source that's part or all of the cold iron source and added from a furnace top is fed during the refining process. A burner at a leading end of the top-blowing lance that spray holes through which a fuel and a combustion-supporting gas are ejected. During the refining process, a powdery auxiliary material processed into powder that's part of the auxiliary material is blown in, to pass through a flame formed by the burner.

Abstract: A converter steelmaking method has molten pig iron subjected to dephosphorization process for dephosphorized molten iron, dephosphorized molten iron is subjected to decarburization process for molten steel. For dephosphorization process, a first cold iron source in amount meeting Formula (1) is charged into first converter-type vessel, then undephosphorized molten pig iron is charged and subjected to dephosphorization process. Dephosphorized molten iron is discharged and held in molten metal receiving vessel. After second cold iron source is charged into first converter-type vessel in which dephosphorization process has been performed, the dephosphorized molten iron held in molten metal receiving vessel is charged and subjected to decarburization process. % Ws0?0.1186T?134 (% Ws0?0) . . . (1), where % Ws0: a ratio (%) of first cold iron source to sum of first cold iron source and charge amount of undephosphorized molten pig iron, and T: a temperature (° C.) of undephosphorized molten pig iron.

Abstract: A lighting circuit turns on a plurality of semiconductor light sources. Multiple current sources are each coupled to a corresponding semiconductor light source. A switching converter supplies a driving voltage VOUT across each of multiple series connection circuits each formed of the semiconductor light source and the current source. A converter controller employing a ripple control method turns on a switching transistor of the switching converter in response to a voltage across any one of the multiple current sources decreasing to a bottom limit voltage.

Abstract: A light distribution controller controls a light distribution variable lamp including a plurality of pixels arranged in an array. The processor executes the software program to generate at least one image defining the light distribution of the light distribution variable lamp, and writes the image in the volatile memory. A monitoring microcontroller detects an abnormality of the processor. A hardware logic circuit (i) generates a light distribution image data to be output to the light distribution variable lamp on the basis of at least one image written in the volatile memory in a normal state of the processor, and (ii) generates a light distribution image data on the basis of the generated auxiliary image without depending on the processor in an abnormal state of the processor.

Abstract: A controller pulse width modulation (PWM) controls multiple light-emitting pixels arranged in an array that form a variable light distribution lamp. A common counter is provided in common for the multiple light-emitting pixels, and generates a common count value having a ramp waveform. A signal processing unit generates multiple duty cycle instruction values for specifying the duty cycles of the multiple light-emitting pixels according to a light distribution instruction. Furthermore, the signal processing unit stores multiple offset values that correspond to the multiple light-emitting pixels, generates an individual count value for each light-emitting pixel by adding the corresponding offset value to the common count value, and generates individual PWM signals pwml through pwmn that correspond to results of comparison between the individual count values and the corresponding duty cycle instruction values.

Abstract: A lighting circuit turns on a plurality of semiconductor light sources. Multiple current sources are each coupled to a corresponding semiconductor light source. A switching converter supplies a driving voltage VOUT across each of multiple series connection circuits each formed of the semiconductor light source and the current source. A converter controller employing a ripple control method turns on a switching transistor of the switching converter in response to a voltage across any one of the multiple current sources decreasing to a bottom limit voltage.

Abstract: A lighting circuit turns on a plurality of semiconductor light sources. Multiple current sources are each coupled to a corresponding semiconductor light source. A switching converter supplies a driving voltage VOUT across each of multiple series connection circuits each formed of the semiconductor light source and the current source. A converter controller employing a ripple control method turns on a switching transistor of the switching converter in response to a voltage across any one of the multiple current sources decreasing to a bottom limit voltage.

Abstract: A vehicle lamp includes a first lamp unit that includes a light source, a driving unit, and a reflective body that is driven by the driving unit to repeat a periodic motion and thus scans an exit beam from the light source; and a controlling unit that controls the first lamp unit. The controlling unit instructs that the driving unit be driven until a first duration T1 has passed even in a case where the controlling unit has received an illumination instruction instructing the first lamp unit to emit a beam and then received a stop instruction instructing the first lamp unit to stop emitting a beam.

Abstract: A lighting circuit turns on a plurality of semiconductor light sources. Multiple current sources are each coupled to a corresponding semiconductor light source. A switching converter supplies a driving voltage VOUT across each of multiple series connection circuits each formed of the semiconductor light source and the current source. A converter controller employing a ripple control method turns on a switching transistor of the switching converter in response to a voltage across any one of the multiple current sources decreasing to a bottom limit voltage.

Abstract: A lighting circuit turns on a plurality of semiconductor light sources. Multiple current sources are each coupled to a corresponding semiconductor light source. A switching converter supplies a driving voltage VOUT across each of multiple series connection circuits each formed of the semiconductor light source and the current source. A converter controller employing a ripple control method turns on a switching transistor of the switching converter in response to a voltage across any one of the multiple current sources decreasing to a bottom limit voltage.

Abstract: A vehicle lamp includes a first lamp unit that includes a light source, a driving unit, and a reflective body that is driven by the driving unit to repeat a periodic motion and thus scans an exit beam from the light source; and a controlling unit that controls the first lamp unit. The controlling unit instructs that the driving unit be driven until a first duration T1 has passed even in a case where the controlling unit has received an illumination instruction instructing the first lamp unit to emit a beam and then received a stop instruction instructing the first lamp unit to stop emitting a beam.

Abstract: A lighting circuit turns on a plurality of semiconductor light sources. Multiple current sources are each coupled to a corresponding semiconductor light source. A switching converter supplies a driving voltage VOUT across each of multiple series connection circuits each formed of the semiconductor light source and the current source. A converter controller employing a ripple control method turns on a switching transistor of the switching converter in response to a voltage across any one of the multiple current sources decreasing to a bottom limit voltage.

Abstract: A vehicle lamp includes a first lamp unit that includes a light source, a driving unit, and a reflective body that is driven by the driving unit to repeat a periodic motion and thus scans an exit beam from the light source; and a controlling unit that controls the first lamp unit. The controlling unit instructs that the driving unit be driven until a first duration T1 has passed even in a case where the controlling unit has received an illumination instruction instructing the first lamp unit to emit a beam and then received a stop instruction instructing the first lamp unit to stop emitting a beam.

Abstract: A fuel cell device according to the present invention includes a controller. The controller is configured to allow a fuel gas supply device and an oxygen-containing gas supply device to supply the fuel gas and the oxygen-containing gas supplied to fuel cells (19) in a supply amount less than a supply amount to be set in accordance with a decreased power as required by the external load as well as to cause an igniter to start operation if the power required by the external load decreases and flameout of the combustion in a combustor (45) is recognized.

Abstract: A fuel cell module includes: a housing; cell stacks; a reformer; a gas supply section which supplies an oxygen-containing gas; heat insulators; and a burning section. The cell stacks are disposed in juxtaposition and each comprise fuel cells which are arranged along a predetermined arrangement direction. The reformer is disposed above the cell stacks. The gas supply section is disposed between the adjacent cell stacks. The heat insulators are disposed on both end sides in an arrangement direction of the cell stacks so that the cell stacks are sandwiched between the heat insulators. The burning section lies in corresponding one of spaces each located between the cell stacks and the reformer. The fuel cell module further comprises a communicating portion which communicates between the adjacent spaces, the communicating portion being disposed in at least one end of each of the cell stacks in the predetermined arrangement direction.

Abstract: A fuel cell device according to the present invention includes a controller. The controller is configured to allow a fuel gas supply device and an oxygen-containing gas supply device to supply the fuel gas and the oxygen-containing gas supplied to fuel cells (19) in a supply amount less than a supply amount to be set in accordance with a decreased power as required by the external load as well as to cause an igniter to start operation if the power required by the external load decreases and flameout of the combustion in a combustor (45) is recognized.