Abstract: A damper spring having an excellent fatigue limit is provided. A damper spring according to the present embodiment includes a nitrided layer formed in an outer layer, and a core portion that is further inward than the nitrided layer. The chemical composition of the core portion consists of, in mass%, C: 0.53 to 0.59%, Si: 2.51 to 2.90%, Mn: 0.70 to 0.85%, P: 0.020% or less, 5: 0.020% or less, Cr: 1.40 to 1.70%, Mo: 0.17 to 0.53%, V: 0.23 to 0.33%, Cu: 0.050% or less, Ni: 0.050% or less, Al: 0.0050% or less, Ti: 0.050% or less, N: 0.0070% or less, and Nb: 0 to 0.020%, with the balance being Fe and impurities. In the core portion, a number density of V-based precipitates having a maximum diameter ranging from 2 to 10 nm is 500 to 8000 pieces/?m2.

Abstract: A ring gear that, together with a sun gear and a pinion gear that is disposed radially outward of the sun gear and meshes with the sun gear, forms a planetary gear unit, the ring gear includes: a body, internal teeth that are configured to mesh with the pinion gear and that are formed in at least a part of an inner peripheral surface of the body, and external teeth that have a lower hardness than the internal teeth and that are formed in at least a part of an outer peripheral surface of the body, wherein a surface nitrogen concentration in the internal teeth is higher than that in at least tooth surfaces of the external teeth.

Abstract: A ring gear that, together with a sun gear and a pinion gear that is disposed radially outward of the sun gear and meshes with the sun gear, forms a planetary gear unit, the ring gear includes: a body, internal teeth that are configured to mesh with the pinion gear and that are formed in at least a part of an inner peripheral surface of the body, and external teeth that have a lower hardness than the internal teeth and that are formed in at least a part of an outer peripheral surface of the body, wherein a surface nitrogen concentration in the internal teeth is higher than that in at least tooth surfaces of the external teeth.

Abstract: A shaft has a hole that extends radially outward from an inner portion and opens in an outer peripheral surface. An opening of the hole has an outer shape which has a first curvature and a second curvature that is smaller than the first curvature when viewed in a radial direction of the shaft. The hole has, in the radial direction of the shaft, an outer hole portion that extends radially inward from an open end while maintaining the outer shape, a tubular inner hole portion that has a smaller hole diameter than the outer hole portion, and a diameter reduction portion in which the diameter is reduced from the outer hole portion towards the inner hole portion. The outer hole portion, the diameter reduction portion, and the inner hole portion are formed so as to be arranged in this order from the radially outer side.

Abstract: A first element of a duplex planetary gear set is selectively coupled to an input shaft via a third clutch, or is selectively fixed via a first brake. A second element is selectively coupled, via a second clutch, to an intermediate shaft that is directly coupled to a speed-increasing element of a simplex planetary gear set which increases the rotational speed of the input shaft, or is selectively fixed via a second brake. A third element is directly coupled to an output shaft. A fourth element is selectively coupled to the input shaft via a first clutch. Therefore, by increasing the speed of the rotation of the input shaft by the simplex planetary gear set and transferring it to the duplex planetary gear set, it is possible to reduce the torques on individual components of an automatic transmission and therefore to reduce the sizes of the individual components and the capacities of the individual friction engagement elements.

Abstract: A first element of a duplex planetary gear set is selectively coupled to an input shaft via a third clutch, or is selectively fixed via a first brake. A second element is selectively coupled, via a second clutch, to an intermediate shaft that is directly coupled to a speed-increasing element of a simplex planetary gear set which increases the rotational speed of the input shaft, or is selectively fixed via a second brake. A third element is directly coupled to an output shaft. A fourth element is selectively coupled to the input shaft via a first clutch. Therefore, by increasing the speed of the rotation of the input shaft by the simplex planetary gear set and transferring it to the duplex planetary gear set, it is possible to reduce the torques on individual components of an automatic transmission and therefore to reduce the sizes of the individual components and the capacities of the individual friction engagement elements.

Abstract: A concentrated composition of color developer for silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material is disclosed. The composition is excellent in stability during storage for a long period. The composition comprises a specified hydroxyamine derivative and a specific chelating agent. The composition preferably has a pH value of not lower than 10.6.

Abstract: The improved method and apparatus for recovering silver from a waste photographic processing solution, in which the waste solution is supplied into the cathode compartment of an electrolytic cell which is separated from an anode compartment by a diaphragm, and electrolysis is performed with the current density at cathode and the current concentration in the cathode compartment controlled in such a way that silver ions are reduced in said waste solution with the hydrogen bubbles evolved by electrolytic reaction, and the reduced silver ions are precipitated as silver grains in the waste photographic processing solution.

Abstract: A disposal device for photographic processing waste liquor which concentrates the photographic process waste liquor by evaporation. The disposal device has a gas detecting device for detecting gas which may be generated during the evaporation of the waste liquor and a control device for stopping the evaporation based on the detection of a concentration of a specific gas. The processing method for photographic waste liquor involves evaporating the waste liquor to concentrate it and detecting gases which are generated during the evaporation process. When the concentration of a specific gas reaches a certain level, the evaporation step is halted.

Abstract: Disclosure is an automatic processing apparatus for processing a silver halide photosensitive material with a processing agent, comprising; a processing tank for containing the processing agent, conveyance rollers for conveying the photosensitive material through the processing tank, and a sealing device for preventing the processing agent in the processing tank from coming into contact with air, wherein the processing tank has a tube shape.

Abstract: A method of treating a waste solution resulting from the processing of a photographic material with a working solution is disclosed, wherein at least part of said waste solution is absorbed by a resin capable of absorbing at least 50 times its own weight of a liquid.

Abstract: A method of treating photographic process waste liquor through concentration by evaporation, including heating under reduced pressure an upper part of photographic process waste liquor to concentrate by evaporation the photographic process waste liquor in such a manner that a difference in temperature may be given between the temperature of the photographic process waste liquor in the vicinity of the heated part and the temperature at a bottom part of the photographic process waste liquor, and causing a solute in the photographic process waste liquor to settle.

Abstract: A method of treating photographic process waste liquor through concentration by evaporation, including heating an upper part of photographic process waste liquor to concentrate by evaporation the photographic process waste liquor in such a manner that the difference between the temperature of the photographic process waste liquor in the vicinity of the heated part and the temperature at a bottom part of the photographic process waste liquor may become 5.degree. C. or more, and causing a solute in the photographic process waste liquor to settle.

Abstract: A method for treating photographic process waste liquor by evaporation to concentrat the waste liquor. The method includes evaporating with a heating device which has a heat density of about 17.2 kcal/cm.sup.2 or less; and intermittently feeding the waste liquor to maintain a predetermined liquid level in the vessel. By controlling the heating and/or the liquid level in the evaporation vessel, odors are controlled while efficiency is maintained.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a photographic process waste liquor in which the photographic process waste liquor stored in an evaporating device is heated and concentrated by evaporation with use of a heating device provided in the evaporating device, in that the evaporating device is provided with a precipitate separating device capable of separating a precipitate generated in a concentrated liquid to be formed through concentration by evaporation; a circulation system to feed again the concentrated liquid to the evaporating device through the precipitate separating device; and a discharging device for discharging the precipitate separated at the precipitate separating device.By use of the apparatus for treating photographic process waste liquor, thermal decomposition of the precipitate generated by concentration by evaporation of the photographic process waste liquor and generation of bad odor can be inhibited.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for treating a photographic processing waste solution comprising concentrating the photographic processing waste solution containing at least thiosulfate ions, characterized in that there is provided at least one part selected from (i) to (v) shown below:(i) a part for adding sulfite ions or a compound capable of releasing sulfite ions into the photographic processing waste solution at the time or before heating of the photographic processing waste solution;(ii) a part for contact evaporated gas with a catalyst having a metal of the following (a) to (d) or a compound thereof carried thereon:(a) at least one selected from the group VIII elements consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum,(b) copper,(c) zinc,(d) manganese;(iii) a part for permitting a water-soluble polymer to exist;(iv) a part for permitting an oxidizing agent capable of oxidizing thiosulfate ions to exist; and(v) a part for adding a pH controlling agent into the photogr

Abstract: The present invention provides a container for containing a photographic processing solution which comprises a housing member and a partion member, thereby the container is divided into two chambers of which the first chamber is prepared for containing the photogaphic processing solution and the second chamber is prepared for collecting the waste solution. One part of the housing member forming the first chamber comprises a oxygen shelter for restraining oxygen permiation therethrough into the first chamber below 20 ml/m.sup.2 /24 hrs. The second chamber has a solution-absorbing material therein for facilitating the collection of the waste solution.