Abstract: A liquid crystal device has a pair of substrates having a plurality of electrodes arranged on facing surfaces thereof, aligning films, rubbed in a predetermined direction, for covering the surfaces of the substrates and the surfaces of the electrodes, a nematic liquid crystal disposed between these aligning films, and a pair of polarizing plates disposed outside the substrates. The liquid crystal device has an optical anistropy .DELTA.n of 0.12 or below, a dielectric ratio .DELTA..epsilon./.epsilon.1 of 1.0 or below, expressed by a ratio of a dielectric anistotropy .DELTA..epsilon. of a dielectric constant in a direction normal to the axes of liquid crystal molecules, and a retardation .DELTA.n.multidot.d of greater than 0.4 .mu.m and less than 1.0 .mu.m, which is expressed by a product of the optical anisotropy .DELTA.n and the thickness d of a liquid crystal layer. The nematic liquid crystal is twised 180.degree. to 270.degree. between the aligning films.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display includes a color filter for passing light of a specific wavelength formed between one of the inner surfaces of a pair of substrates which face each other. On the color filter is formed a protective film having a double-layered structure of a transparent first insulative film made of an organic material and a transparent second insulative film made of an inorganic material. On the protective film are sequentially formed transparent electrodes made of ITO and an aligning film. Transparent electrodes and an aligning film are also sequentially formed on the other inner surface of the paired substrates. The substrates are joined by a seal mmeber and a pair of polarizing plates are disposed outside of the joined substrates.