Abstract: A photovoltaic cell comprises a membrane electrode assembly obtainable by the in situ polymerization between two electrodes of one or more monomers to form a polymer, and then infusing an activating agent into the polymer, wherein the activating agent enables the membrane electrode assembly to function as a photovoltaic cell.

Abstract: A photovoltaic cell comprises a membrane electrode assembly obtainable by the in situ polymerisation between two electrodes of one or more monomers to form a polymer, and then infusing an activating agent into the polymer, wherein the activating agent enables the membrane electrode assembly to function as a photovoltaic cell.

Abstract: A photovoltaic cell comprises a membrane electrode assembly obtainable by the in situ polymerisation between two electrodes of one or more monomers to form a polymer, and then infusing an activating agent into the polymer, wherein the activating agent enables the membrane electrode assembly to function as a photovoltaic cell.

Abstract: A light-emitting device comprising: an anode; a cathode; and a light emitting region situated between the anode and the cathode, the light emitting region comprising an exciton generating layer and a phosphorescent layer, the exciton generating layer comprising an organic material, wherein the organic material of the exciton generating layer generates singlet and triplet excitons and emits light by fluorescent emission from the singlet excitons and the phosphorescent layer accepts the triplet excitons from the exciton generating layer and emits light by phosphorescent emission from the triplet excitons.

Abstract: A light-emitting device comprising: an anode; a cathode; and a light emitting region situated between the anode and the cathode, the light emitting region comprising an exciton generating layer and a phosphorescent layer, the exciton generating layer comprising an organic material, wherein the organic material of the exciton generating layer generates singlet and triplet excitons and emits light by fluorescent emission from the singlet excitons and the phosphorescent layer accepts the triplet excitons from the exciton generating layer and emits light by phosphorescent emission from the triplet excitons.

Abstract: A method of forming an optical device comprising the steps of: providing a substrate comprising a first electrode capable of injecting or accepting charge carriers of a first type; forming over the first electrode a first layer that is at least partially insoluble in a solvent by depositing a first semiconducting material that is free of cross-linkable vinyl or ethynyl groups and is, at the time of deposition, soluble in the solvent; forming a second layer in contact with the first layer and comprising a second semiconducting material by depositing a second semiconducting material from a solution in the solvent; and forming over the second layer a second electrode capable of injecting or accepting charge carriers of a second type wherein the first layer is rendered at least partially insoluble by one or more of heat, vacuum and ambient drying treatment following deposition of the first semiconducting material.