Abstract: In one exemplary embodiment, there is provided an etching method. The method includes (a) preparing a substrate, the substrate comprising a silicon-containing film and a mask, the silicon-containing film including a recess, the mask being provided on the silicon-containing film and including an opening that exposes the recess; (b) forming a carbon-containing film on a side wall of the silicon-containing film, the side wall defining the recess; and (c) by using a plasma generated from a processing gas, forming a protective film containing tungsten on the carbon-containing film and etching the silicon-containing film in the recess, the processing gas including a fluorine-containing gas and a tungsten-containing gas.

Abstract: A bandwidth control server, a bandwidth control program recorded on a computer readable record medium, and a monitoring system that control the sending of image data obtained by cameras in accordance with priority corresponding to a situation. A setting information storage section stores setting information regarding a camera installed at each point. When disaster information is acquired, a disaster detection section extracts a disaster type and a disaster area from the disaster information. A priority determination section searches the setting information on the basis of the disaster type and the disaster area and extracts setting information corresponding to the disaster type. Then the priority determination section determines priority for sending image data obtained by cameras installed in the disaster area on the basis of the extracted setting information.

Abstract: A bandwidth control server, a bandwidth control program recorded on a computer readable record medium, and a monitoring system that control the sending of image data obtained by cameras in accordance with priority corresponding to a situation. A setting information storage section stores setting information regarding a camera installed at each point. When disaster information is acquired, a disaster detection section extracts a disaster type and a disaster area from the disaster information. A priority determination section searches the setting information on the basis of the disaster type and the disaster area and extracts setting information corresponding to the disaster type. Then the priority determination section determines priority for sending image data obtained by cameras installed in the disaster area on the basis of the extracted setting information.

Abstract: A multicast network system is provided with a multicast network unit that delivers data between independent multicast network domains. The multicast network unit includes an extraction part for extracting a multicast delivery destination address from received data, a holder part for holding conversion data where the multicast delivery destination address corresponds to a delivery source address, and a judgment part for judging whether the multicast delivery destination address is held and outputting the result of a judgment. The multicast network unit also includes a filtering part which, when the result of the judgment is holding, converts the multicast delivery source address to an arbitrary delivery destination address and, when it is non-holding, discards the received data. The multicast network unit further includes a transmitter part for transmitting data containing the converted multicast address to the domain.

Abstract: A multicast network system is provided with a multicast network unit that delivers data between independent multicast network domains. The multicast network unit includes an extraction part for extracting a multicast delivery destination address from received data, a holder part for holding conversion data where the multicast delivery destination address corresponds to a delivery source address, and a judgment part for judging whether the multicast delivery destination address is held and outputting the result of a judgment. The multicast network unit also includes a filtering part which, when the result of the judgment is holding, converts the multicast delivery source address to an arbitrary delivery destination address and, when it is non-holding, discards the received data. The multicast network unit further includes a transmitter part for transmitting data containing the converted multicast address to the domain.

Abstract: Each of a pair of left and right lamp chambers (3) disposed at a front of a body of a vehicle (2) is constituted with an enclosing housing (4) and a transparent front cover (5) fixed to the housing (4), and accommodates therein a high-beam forming front lamp unit as a reflecting lamp (7) disposed in a front half region of the lamp chamber (3) and a low-beam forming rear lamp unit as a projecting lamp (6) disposed in a rear half region of the lamp chamber (3), the front and rear lamp units (6, 7) overlapping each other in a longitudinal direction of the vehicle (2).

Abstract: Each of a pair of left and right lamp chambers (3) disposed at a front of a body of a vehicle (2) is constituted with an enclosing housing (4) and a transparent front cover (5) fixed to the housing (4), and accommodates therein a high-beam forming front lamp unit as a reflecting lamp (7) disposed in a front half region of the lamp chamber (3) and a low-beam forming rear lamp unit as a projecting lamp (6) disposed in a rear half region of the lamp chamber (3), the front and rear lamp units (6, 7) overlapping each other in a longitudinal direction of the vehicle (2).

Abstract: A satellite communication system capable of notifying an user in speaking that a connection request is transmitted and capable of being implemented at low cost. A satellite communication system in accordance with the SCPC method using a voice activation is structured with a center station. The center station, when receiving a connection request to an user in speaking, measures a level of a carrier assigned to a reception line for the user with a demodulator. In this center station, when the level is not more than a predetermined level, the modulator transmits a signal notifying the user that the connection request is received.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the feed of the oil discharged from an oil pump in an internal combustion engine having an oil pump which feeds lubricating oil to the engine by an oil delivery pipe and which feeds working oil to a hydraulic actuator for controlling valve timings of the engine by a branch pipe connected to the oil delivery pipe, comprising valve means in said oil delivery pipe downstream of the connection between the oil delivery pipe and the branch pipe, which opens in accordance with the delivery pressure of the discharged oil to control the amount of the lubricating oil flowing therethrough.

Abstract: A hydraulic valve lift device for internal combustion engines includes a lifter having therein an oil pressure chamber for introduction of oil and slidably disposed in a cylindrical bore of a housing with one end thereof engaged by a cam or a cam shaft, and a plunger slidably disposed in the lifter for opening and closing an intake or exhaust valve of which a valve lift is variable depending upon the rotational speed of the cam by discharging oil from the oil pressure chamber through a throttling port. A braking chamber is defined by a flange portion of the plunger and the cylindrical bore, and is communicated through a slit with a oil feed chamber adapted to allow oil to flow thereinto. A relief valve is provided for communicating with the braking chamber to control its oil pressure below a set value. A control device is provided for controlling the relief valve depending upon an output of a detector such that the set force of the valve corresponds with a desired value.

Abstract: A hydraulic valve lift device for internal combustion engines includes a lifter having therein an oil pressure chamber for introduction of oil and slidably disposed in a cylindrical bore of a housing with one end thereof engaged by a cam on a cam shaft, and a plunger slidably disposed in the lifter for opening and closing an intake or exhaust valve of which a valve lift is variable depending upon the rotational speed of the cam by discharging oil from the oil pressure chamber through a throttling port. A braking chamber is defined by a flange portion of the plunger and the cylindrical bore, and is communicated through a slit with a oil feed chamber adapted to allow oil to flow thereinto. A relief valve is provided for communicating with the braking chamber to control its oil pressure below a set value. A control device is provided for controlling the relief valve depending upon an output of a detector such that the set force of the valve corresponds with a desired value.

Abstract: A variable valve event engine has a plurality of cams with different cam profiles and can vary the operating characteristics of the valve by moving a rocker arm for selectively changing the cams in accordance with changes in the operating conditions of the engine. The engine further includes a spring urging member which causes a certain amount of energy to be retained in a spring for rapidly changing the cams. The engine has a detector for sensing the temperature of the lubricant utilized in a hydraulic member for moving the rocker arm so that the movement of the rocker arm is effected only when the lubricant temperature is higher than a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A hydraulic valve lift device for transmitting the motion of a cam to a push rod of an intake or exhaust valve of an engine, including a housing, a lifter slidably engaged by the housing and provided therein with an oil pressure chamber adapted to receive an oil, and a plunger provided with a flange portion and slidable in relation to the lifter. The flange portion of the plunger and cylindrical bore of the housing cooperate with each other to define therebetween a braking chamber into which oil is introduced. The device has a slit through which the oil in the braking chamber is relieved to the outside. The arrangement is such that the rate of oil relieved through the braking chamber is reduced as the plunger is lowered. The device further includes a relief valve for maintaining the pressure in the braking chamber below a predetermined pressure level.

Abstract: A dual intake valve type internal combustion engine comprises a main intake valve and an auxiliary intake valve. The main intake valve is so constructed that the combustible gas mixture introduced into the combustion chamber therethrough is caused to generate a swirl motion. A variable valve lift type of auxiliary intake valve is constructed, and the valve lift of the auxiliary intake valve is varied in accordance with the changes in the engine operating conditions.

Abstract: A hydraulic tappet is used in a variable valve lift engine. The tappet comprises an outer case having a pressure chamber formed therein, an inner case having an oil chamber formed therein and engaged within the outer case, and a check valve disposed between the pressure chamber and the oil chamber. The pressure chamber is communicated with an electromagnetic valve via an additional check valve. The electromagnetic valve is actuated in accordance with changes in operating conditions of an engine, i.e. the engine load and the temperature of the engine, so that the oil pressure between the additional check valve and the electromagnetic valve is maintained at a predetermined level. As a result, the valve lift of the engine can be varied at an optimum level in accordance with changes in the operating conditions of the engine.

Abstract: A variable valve event engine has a plurality of cams with different cam profiles and can vary the operating characteristics of the valve by moving a rocker arm for selectively changing the cams in accordance with changes in the operating conditions of the engine. The engine further includes a spring urging member which causes a certain amount of energy to be retained in a spring for rapidly changing the cams. In addition, the engine has a stopper guide positioned between two adjacent cams so that the changing of the cams can be effected while the crankshaft angle of the engine is within a predetermined range.