Abstract: Policing method and policing circuit for parallelly conducting a plurality of policing which are dependent on policing items in the policing for defining the traffic of an asynchronous transfer mode network are provided. A plurality of traffic monitor circuits 11 parallelly and independently conduct the traffic monitoring of a plurality of items for the input cell for the communication service to be provided by the asynchronous transfer mode network. Each monitor circuit monitors only the violation of the traffic independently and outputs the result. A total determination circuit determines whether to tag, discard or pass the input cell in accordance with a determination rule prescribed for the communication service based on a CLP value contained in a header of the input cell and the monitor result parallelly obtained from the respective monitor circuits to conduct the policing.

Abstract: A panel switch for use in electronic apparatus and a method for making same, the panel switch employing a diaphragm whereby the operator turns on the switch with a feeling of security. To locate a diaphragm, a sheet having an adhesive layer on one side is used instead of a conventional spacer, and the diaphragm is secured to an insulated substrate with the sheet. The non-use of the spacer saves cost and labor, thereby producing panel switches more economically.

Abstract: A panel switch for use in electronic apparatus and a method for making same, the panel switch employing a diaphragm whereby the operator turns on the switch with a feeling of security. To locate a diaphragm, a sheet having an adhesive layer on one side is used instead of a conventional spacer, and the diaphragm is secured to an insulated substrate with the sheet. The non-use of the spacer saves cost and labor, thereby producing panel switches more economically.

Abstract: A panel switch for use in electronic apparatus and a method for making same, the panel switch employing a diaphragm whereby the operator turns on the switch with a feeling of security. To locate a diaphragm, a sheet having an adhesive layer on one side is used instead of a conventional spacer, and the diaphragm is secured to an insulated substrate with the sheet. The non-use of the spacer saves cost and labor, thereby producing panel switches more economically.

Abstract: A transaction authentication system comprises a terminal, a first memory and an IC card which is detachably loaded into the terminal. The terminal supplies at least transaction data which is related to a transaction a designated storage region in a second memory stores the transaction data to the IC card when the IC card accesses to a service via the terminal. A second processor of the IC card writes the transaction data received from the terminal in the designated storage region of the second memory and generates a vertified data which is renewed every time the transaction data is written into the second memory. The verified data has a value in conformance with a predetermined generating algorithm and is stored in the second memory and also supplied to the terminal.

Abstract: A system for permitting access to a data field area in an IC card for multiple services using an individual card holder identification number for each of a plurality of data fields or for each group of data fields. Data field identification information, a personal identification number, access qualification information, and an authentication code are supplied to the IC card before an execution of an access to the data field. An authentication is made between the personal identification number and the authentication code stored in the IC card for the selected data field, and the personal identification number and the authentication code supplied to the IC card. Based on the result of the authentication, an access to the data field area to which access is requested is permitted within the limit of the access right stored in the IC card corresponding to the access qualification information supplied to the IC card.

Abstract: Information indicating the limit of size of area which is permitted to a service provider and an authentication code of the service supplier are stored in an IC card upon issuance. When a service is to be added, a service supplier is authenticated, and thereafter, acquistion of a data field area within a predetermined size of data field area is permitted. Thus, in the IC card for multiple services, upon addition of a new service after card issuance, the use of a remainder vacant area in the IC card by an unauthenticated service supplier and the exclusive use of the vacant area by a specific service supplier are prevented.

Abstract: The invention discloses a switching device for switching signals of very high and ultrahigh frequencies comprising an insulating base, a plurality of stationary contacts, a sliding contact, and shielding means for isolating between the adjacent stationary contacts. The shielding means is electrically connected to a metal housing so that signal leakage due to the electrostatic and electromagnetic coupling may be prevented.