Abstract: A target value processing unit, includes: an input section to which a target value signal showing a target value of a control process is inputted; a target value shaping unit shaping the target value signal inputted to the input section, into a signal form which is proper for a control treatment of a regulator implementing the control process; and an output section outputting to the regulator a shaped target value signal which is shaped by the target value shaping unit. The target value processing unit realizes the high-level control process without improving the regulator.

Abstract: A target value processing unit, includes: an input section to which a target value signal showing a target value of a control process is inputted; a target value shaping unit shaping the target value signal inputted to the input section, into a signal form which is proper for a control treatment of a regulator implementing the control process; and an output section outputting to the regulator a shaped target value signal which is shaped by the target value shaping unit. The target value processing unit realizes the high-level control process without improving the regulator.

Abstract: A solid state relay has a first external connection terminal which is conductive with one end of a main switching element, and a second external connection terminal which is conductive with another end of the main switching element, and is used with a load and a power source connected in series between the external connection terminals. A third external connection terminal is disposed in the solid state relay. The third external connection terminal is connected to the second external connection terminal via a capacitor. The load and the power source are connected in series between the first external connection terminal and the second external connection terminal, and a node of the load and the power source is connected to the third external connection terminal, thereby allowing the resistance of the load and the electrostatic capacitance of the capacitor to constitute an RC filter circuit for preventing noise leakage.

Abstract: An excess current interrupting structure comprising a conductive wire rod which generates heat by an excess current connected between a pair of electric conductors, a circumference of the conductive wire rod being covered with a resin with a thin coated layer formed in the vicinity of a path of the conductive wire rod.

Abstract: An excess current interrupting structure comprising a conductive wire rod which generates heat by an excess current connected between a pair of electric conductors, a circumference of the conductive wire rod being covered with a resin with a thin coated layer formed in the vicinity of a path of the conductive wire rod.

Abstract: An excess current interrupting structure comprising a conductive wire rod which generates heat by an excess current connected between a pair of electric conductors, a circumference of the conductive wire rod being covered with a resin with a thin coated layer formed in the vicinity of a path of the conductive wire rod.

Abstract: In a fuzzy control apparatus in which a rule is capable of being changed during operation, a fuzzy reasoning output which prevails immediately prior to a rule change is stored when a rule change is made, and a fuzzy-control output is generated by combining, after the rule change, the stored fuzzy reasoning output which prevailed immediately prior to the rule change and a fuzzy reasoning output which prevails following the rule change. The ratio of the combination is altered in such a manner that, with the passage of time from the moment at which the rule change is made, there is a gradual decrease in a percentage of the fuzzy reasoning output which prevailed immediately prior to the rule change, and a gradual increase in a percentage of the fuzzy reasoning output which prevails following the rule change, in the fuzzy-control output.

Abstract: Wiring patterns 50, 60 are formed in zigzag fashion on respective ones of both sides of a flexible insulating sheet 70. The wiring patterns 50, 60 include linear portions 50C, 60C and arcuate portions 50A, 60A, respectively. The linear portions 50C and the linear portions 60C overlap. The arcuate portion 60A is situated between two arcuate portions 50A that neighbor each other. One end of each of the wiring patterns 50, 60 is connected to a detection circuit 75 which detects a change in inductance. The other ends of the wiring patterns 50, 60 are connected together through a through-hole 70A. The sheet 70 is disposed in such a manner that the linear portions 50C, 60C will perpendicularly intersect the direction of stress, which is to be measured, acting upon a member 80 undergoing measurement. The sheet 70 and the wiring patterns 50, 60 construct a detection coil 71. An AC excitation current flows through the detection coil 71.

Abstract: In a fuzzy control apparatus in which a rule is capable of being changed during operation, a fuzzy reasoning output which prevails immediately prior to a rule change is stored when a rule change is made, and a fuzzy-control output is generated by combining, after the rule change, the stored fuzzy reasoning output which prevailed immediately prior to the rule change and a fuzzy reasoning output which prevails following the rule change. The ratio of the combination is altered in such a manner that, with the passage of time from the moment at which the rule change is made, there is a gradual decrease in a percentage of the fuzzy reasoning output which prevailed immediately prior to the rule change, and a gradual increase in a percentage of the fuzzy reasoning output which prevails following the rule change, in the fuzzy-control output.

Abstract: In a fuzzy control apparatus in which a rule is capable of being changed during operation, a fuzzy reasoning output which prevails immediately prior to a rule change is stored when a rule change is made, and a fuzzy-control output is generated by combining, after the rule change, the stored fuzzy reasoning output which prevailed immediately prior to the rule change and a fuzzy reasoning output which prevails following the rule change. The ratio of the combination is altered in such a manner that, with the passage of time from the moment at which the rule change is made, there is a gradual decrease in a percentage of the fuzzy reasoning output which prevailed immediately prior to the rule change, and a gradual increase in a percentage of the fuzzy reasoning output which prevails following the rule change, in the fuzzy-control output.

Abstract: For an input value, conformity grades are computed and are displayed for established membership functions. Alternatively, conformity grades and change rates thereof developed when a fuzzy reasoning system is operated are displayed. Alternatively, a change with respect to time of the input value is displayed to be superimposed onto a table representing the established rules. Alternatively, an output value resultant from a fuzzy reasoning conducted with a particular rule removed is compared with a fuzzy reasoning achieved by using all rules, thereby displaying the difference on a rule table. As above, various features in the fuzzy reasoning are extracted and are displayed so as to check adequacy of the established membership functions and rules.

Abstract: A fuzzy controller is disclosed which is furnished with an error generator to generate a first error between a present value and a desired value. A corrector unit calculates the amount of correction needed based on the error and adds the appropriate amount of correction to the desired value. An error generator generates a second error between the present value and the corrected desired value. A fuzzy inference unit performs fuzzy inferences, based on fuzzy rules and membership functions, on inputs which include the second error. The fuzzy controller thus performs fuzzy inferences based on an error existing between the present value and the corrected desired value after the corrected desired value is obtained from the error existing between a present value and a desired value. The fuzzy controller is able to perform feedback control in both transient and steady states of a control system.

Abstract: An apparatus for and a method of creating membership functions for use with fuzzy inference rules in a controller. A control error, which is a difference between a controlled variable obtained from a control object and a target value, is received as an input to the controller and then a fuzzy reasoning operation is executed in conformity with a predetermined fuzzy reasoning rule such that a manipulated variable resulting from the reasoning operation is supplied to the control object. Thereby achieving a fuzzy control on the control object. Basic membership functions are loaded in a memory. In response to input data which represents a desired characteristic for a predetermined range of a control error in a response characteristic of the control object, the apparatus adjusts the width, height, and/or position of the basic membership functions associated with the predetermined range to produce new membership functions which develop the desired characteristic.

Abstract: A fuzzy rule generator for generating fuzzy rules, comprising: a selection unit for selecting two or more sets of rules from a plurality of basic sets of rules which may be stored in memory; and a control unit for generating a new set of rules by carrying out a synthetic arithmetic operation based on a predetermined set of rules for synthesis. This process of synthesis may simply consist of addition or subtraction. Thereby, a new set of rules can be easily generated by carrying out a simple arithmetic operation for each application. Therefore, generation and modification of rules are simplified and speeded up, with additional benefits arising from an efficient utilization of existing sets of rules. Further, by imposing a constraint on the newly synthesized set of rules manually, automatically or by a combination of both according to a predefined algorithm, it is possible not only to ensure the stability of the system but also to obtain desired control characteristics.