Abstract: Exemplary inventive practice implements Europium Tetrakis Dibenzoylmethide Triethylammonium (EuD4TEA) so as to administer ion beam therapy with extreme precision. An EUD4TEA-inclusive marker (e.g., a solid or gel) is exactingly placed on the skin of a patient in accordance with a predetermined location of cancerous tissue beneath the skin. An ion beam aimed at the EUD4TEA-inclusive marker results in luminescence of at least a portion of the EUD4TEA-inclusive marker, thereby indicating that at least a portion of the ion beam is traveling through the EUD4TEA-inclusive marker and striking the cancer therebelow. According to other modes of exemplary inventive practice, a medical phantom contains a tumor replica that is visibly contrastive inside the medical phantom in terms of luminescence versus non-luminescence. The tumor replica is targeted in ion beam testing to discern optimal geometric and radiative conditions for treating a correspondingly situated patient on the same treatment couch.

Abstract: An inventive neutron detector includes an n-type GaN wafer and a photomultiplier, which are optically coupled with each other. The n-type GaN wafer is irradiated with neutrons from a neutron source, such as including a particle accelerator and a beryllium target. Scintillation of the n-type GaN resulting from the neutron irradiation is amplified by the photomultiplier and is analyzed using a data acquisition system.

Abstract: Typical practice of the present invention performs measurement and processing of two forms of light emissions—viz., unfiltered and filtered—of a core-valence luminescent (CVL) scintillator impinged by ionizing radiation emanating from a radioactive source. When unfiltered, the CVL scintillator light emission is inclusive of gamma emissions and neutron emissions. When filtered by a filtering apparatus that transmits CVL light only, the CVL scintillator light emission is inclusive of gamma emissions but is exclusive of neutron emissions. Algorithmic comparison between the two sets of empirical data provides discriminative information regarding gamma emissions versus neutron emissions. Essentially, the difference is taken between the unfiltered pulse height spectra data and the filtered pulse height data.

Abstract: As typically embodied, the inventive method features bombardment of atomic nuclei with 3He ions in order to effect transmutation of atoms from a first atomic element to a second atomic element. Two notable inventive genres describe transmutation of: oxygen to nitrogen in an oxygen-containing target (e.g., including ZnO film); and, carbon to boron in a carbon-containing target (e.g., including SiC film). According to the former, transmutation of 16O to 15N occurs; more specifically, transmutation of 16O to 15O occurs via nuclear bombardment, and then transmutation of 15O to 15N occurs via decay by positron emission. According to the latter, transmutation of 12C to 11B occurs; more specifically, transmutation of 12C to 11C occurs via nuclear bombardment, and then transmutation of 11C to 11B occurs via decay by positron emission.

Abstract: A 13C diamond is doped by proton induced transmutation. P-type doping is achieved by the 13C(p,??)10B reaction. N-type doping is achieved by the 13C(p,?)14N reaction. The transmutation reaction that occurs is determined by selection of proton beam energy. Stacks of junctions each calculated to be in the order of 10 nm thick have been achieved.

Abstract: Systems, processes, and apparatus are described through which fast neutrons are detected, their momenta are measured and a position of a source of the fast neutrons is determined from the measured momenta. For example, a multiple-cell neutron-sensitive camera is described. Each cell includes a neutron detection cell that also functions as a time expansion chamber and a micro-well detector coupled to the time expansion chamber.