Abstract: A process for the destruction of organic wastes and ammonia from acrylonitrile plant wastewater, comprising contacting volatilized wastewater with a catalyst at an elevated temperature so as to convert volatile organic compounds and ammonia to a mixture comprising hydrogen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide which are separated and removed from the stream, yielding a purified aqueous stream, substantially free of organic compounds and ammonia.

Abstract: A process for the destruction of organic contaminants from wastewater streams and solid surfaces, including soil. The process comprises removing volatile organic compounds from the wastewater stream or surface by steam stripping and then contacting a stream comprising steam and the stripped organic compounds with a catalyst at an elevated temperature so as to convert the hydrocarbon portion of the organic compounds to a mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improvements of fluid bed catalysts. More particularly, the present invention relates to improvements of fluid bed oxidation catalysts useful in the preparation of maleic anhydride from C.sub.4 hydrocarbons, including n-butane. The present invention includes a process of contacting a fluid bed catalyst with a reactivating agent in a catalyst standpipe. The present invention also provides a catalyst containing the mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus, treated using the above process. The present invention further provides a process for producing maleic anhydride, utilizing the catalyst prepared using the above process. The present invention additionally provides for a reactor standpipe, utilized for regenerating catalyst according to the above process.

Abstract: A fluid bed catalyst which has lost activity or fluidization quality through agglomeration, contamination, or a physical or chemical change on the surface of the catalyst is deagglomerated and/or its surface re-exposed, by contacting the fluidized catalyst with a high velocity gas sufficient to cause multiple collisions among the catalyst particles and thereby deagglomerating the particles and/or abrading the surface of the particles to expose fresh catalyst.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of attrition resistant, microspheroidal fluid bed catalysts comprising the mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus in which a vanadium phosphorus mixed oxided catalyst precursor is densified, comminuted, formed into fluidizable particles and calcined under fluidization-type conditions. The present invention further provides the attrition resistant fluidizable catalysts prepared by the inventive process, and further provides a process for utilizing such attrition resistant catalysts in the production of maleic anhydride in the vapor phase by the oxidation of 4 carbon atom hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Vanadium phosphorus mixed oxide containing catalysts are prepared by sequentially forming an alpha-VOPO.sub.4 catalyst precursor in aqueous media, and thereafter partially reducing a portion of the vanadium to a valence state of +4 in an organic liquid reducing media, in the absence of corrosive reducing agents. The catalysts exhibit excellent activity for the production of maleic anhydride from 4 carbon atom hydrocarbons such as n-butane.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of attrition resistant, microspheroidal fluid bed catalysts comprising the mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus in which a vanadium phosphorus mixed oxided catalyst precursor is densified, comminuted, formed into fluidizable particles and calcined under fluidization-type conditions. The present invention further provides the attrition resistant fluidizable catalysts prepared by the inventive process, and further provides a process for utilizing such attrition resistant catalysts in the production of maleic anhydride in the vapor phase by the oxidation of 4 carbon atom hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Unsaturated nitrile compounds, e.g., acrylonitrile, are used as microbiocides to inhibit undesired bacterial growth in injection water used in enhanced oil recovery methods. The biocides are efficacious for the control of sulfate reducing bacteria, including Desulfovibrio desulfuricans.

Abstract: Vanadium phosphorus mixed oxide containing catalysts are prepared by sequentially forming an alpha-VOPO.sub.4 catalyst precursor in aqueous media, and thereafter partially reducing a portion of the vanadium to a valence state of +4 in an organic liquid reducing media, in the absence of corrosive reducing agents. The catalysts exhibit excellent activity for the production of maleic anhydride from 4 carbon atom hydrocarbons such as n-butane.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing supported catalysts by impregnating a pre-formed support with a solution of a metal alkoxide and contacting the impregnated support with a solution of at least one additional catalyst component. This process is particularly suitable for forming attrition resistant fluidizable catalysts. Catalysts prepared by this method are useful in various reaction processes, and may be utilized in oxidation processes such as the production of maleic anhydride from 4 carbon atom hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Vanadium phosphorus mixed oxide containing catalysts are prepared in an organic liquid reaction medium with heating wherein at least 1.5 moles organic liquid are removed from the reaction medium such as by distillation for each mole of vanadium which is reduced or reacted during such reaction and/or reduction. The resulting catalysts are useful for the production of maleic anhydride from 4 carbon atom hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of oxidation catalysts containing mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus, which catalysts are particularly effective in the oxidation of n-butane, n-butenes, 1,3-butadiene or a mixture thereof with molecular oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the vapor phase to produce high yields of maleic anhydride with good selectivity. A vanadium compound is introduced into a liquid medium, a mixed phosphorus component comprising orthophosphoric acid and pyrophosphoric acid is added to the liquid medium, reduction of at least a portion of the vanadium to a +4 valence state is effected either prior to or subsequent to the addition of the mixed phosphorus component, and the resulting vanadium-phosphorus oxide catalyst precursor is recovered, dried and calcined.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of iron phosphorous mixed oxide catalysts which are highly active at moderate temperatures by introducing iron and phosphorus containing compounds and promoter element containing compounds, if any, into a substantially organic liquid medium, heating, separating the resulting precursor, drying and calcining. The catalysts are useful for the dehydrogenation or oxydehydrogenation of organic compounds such as aldehydes or carboxylic acids.

Abstract: Halogenated hydrocarbons, such as perchloroethylene, are applied to fine powders, such as metal oxides, in the absence of binders to improve the flow and tableting properties of the powders.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing supported catalysts by impregnating a pre-formed support with a solution of a metal alkoxide and contacting the impregnated support with a solution of at least one additional catalyst component. This process is particularly suitable for forming attrition resistant fluidizable catalysts. Catalysts prepared by this method are useful in various reaction processes, and may be utilized in oxidation processes such as the production of maleic anhydride from 4 carbon atom hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Vanadium phosphorus mixed oxide containing catalysts are prepared by sequentially forming an alpha-VOPO.sub.4 catalyst precursor in aqueous media, and thereafter partially reducing a portion of the vanadium to a valence state of +4 in an organic liquid reducing media, in the absence of corrosive reducing agents. The catalysts exhibit excellent activity for the production of maleic anhydride from 4 carbon atom hydrocarbons such as n-butane.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of oxidation catalysts containing mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus, which catalysts are particularly effective in the oxidation of n-butane, n-butenes, 1,3-butadiene or a mixture thereof with molecular oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the vapor phase to produce high yields of maleic anhydride with good selectivity. A vanadium compound is introduced into an olefinic oxygenated organic liquid medium, a phosphorus-containing compound is added to the medium, reduction of at least a portion of the vanadium to a +4 valence state is effected either prior to or subsequent to the addition of the phosphorus-containing compound, and the resulting vanadium-phosphorus oxide catalyst precursor is recovered, dried and calcined.

Abstract: Vanadium phosphorus mixed oxide containing catalysts are prepared in an organic liquid reaction medium with heating wherein at least 1.5 moles organic liquid are removed from the reaction medium such as by distillation for each mole of vanadium which is reduced or reacted during such reaction and/or reduction. The resulting catalysts are useful for the production of maleic anhydride from 4 carbon atom hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of oxidation catalysts containing mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus, which catalysts are particularly effective in the oxidation of n-butane, n-butenes, 1,3-butadiene or a mixture thereof with molecular oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the vapor phase to produce high yields of maleic anhydride with good selectivity. A vanadium compound is introduced into a liquid medium, a mixed phosphorus component comprising orthophosphoric acid and pyrophosphoric acid is added to the liquid medium, reduction of at least a portion of the vanadium to a +4 valence state is effected either prior to or subsequent to the addition of the mixed phosphorus component, and the resulting vanadium-phosphorus oxide catalyst precursor is recovered, dried and calcined.

Abstract: The present invention is a catalyst composition consisting of oxides or oxide complexes that contains catalytically significant amounts of uranium or thorium plus, tungsten, vanadium and molybdenum plus optionally one or more of Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Mg, Mn, Bi, Ti, Zr, Sn, P, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, lanthanum or an element of the lanthanoid series. These catalysts are especially useful for producing acrylic acid from acrolein and for producing methacrylic acid from methacrolein.