Abstract: A method for removing from a peptide the diketone of the methionine residue, and a method for manufacturing a peptide or salt thereof which does not possess an N-terminal methionine residue, characterized by having a peptide or salt thereof which possesses a diketone of the optionally oxidized N-terminal methionine residue react with 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid or a salt thereof in the presence of acetic acid and sodium formate, formic acid and sodium formate, or formic acid and sodium acetate.

Abstract: A machine tool of small scale, light weight, and low cost, yet accomplishing a high degree of precision in machining. A spindle (2) is encased in a body frame (1) and disposed preferably in such a manner that the spindle (2) is movable along an axial center thereof or Z-axis direction by means of a Z-axis moving means (4). Either Y-axis table (5) or an X-axis table (6), at least being capable of moving along X-axis or Y-axis direction, or both is provided at one end of the spindle (2) on one side of the body frame (1) and arranged to be vertical with respect to the axial center of the spindle (2).

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing purified xanthan gum, which comprises (i) adding a hydrophilic organic solvent to an aqueous solution containing crude xanthan gum with pH 0.5 to 2.5, and (ii) neutralizing the mixture with a base to precipitate the xanthan gum. The xanthan gum thus obtained has low contents of ash and remaining organic solvent, as well as a high quality with little impurities, and can advantageously be used in the fields of foods, cosmetics, medicaments and the like.

Abstract: A fluid rotary apparatus includes rotors accommodated in a housing, driving shafts on which the rotors are mounted, upper and lower bearings for rotatably supporting upper and lower portions of each of the shafts, fluid suction and fluid-discharging openings formed in the housing, motors adapted for independently and synchronously driving each of the shafts, rotation-detecting devices for detecting the rotational angle and/or the number of rotations of each motor, contact-preventing gears for contacting each other before the rotors contact each other, and a positive displacement pump structure section sucking and discharging fluid by utilizing a closed space formed by the rotors and the housing and controlling the motors in synchronous rotation thereof in response to signals outputted from the device.

Abstract: A synchronous rotating apparatus synchronously rotates a plurality of rotary shafts independently driven by corresponding driving devices. The apparatus includes: a mechanical regulating member, arranged on the shafts, for maintaining relative rotating positions of the shafts at a predetermined angular difference; a rotation velocity and phase-detecting member, arranged on each shaft, for detecting rotation velocities of the shafts and phases within a regulated angular difference of the regulating member, and a driving control device for controlling the driving devices of the shafts so as to synchronously rotate the shafts based on a phase difference detected by the detecting member. The apparatus is applied to a fluid rotary apparatus.

Abstract: A torsion angle detection apparatus, wherein a pair of optical type of encoders are disposed on the coaxial center at a proper interval in the axial direction, and also, the measured shaft is inserted into the axial center position thereof and is secured to the rotary portion of each of the encoders, so that the torsion angle of the measured shaft may be detected with high accuracy and high speed response property from the difference in the detection position by each encoder by the use of an optical type of encoder of high resolution.high speed response property.

Abstract: A position detector for use in, for example, a robot hand can detect any of a plurality of positions on a movable element. The position detector includes a coding member having a first row of absolute codes and a second row of incremental codes both formed therein in a direction of movement thereof. Positional data in binary codes are serially recorded in the first row whereas regularly formed incremental codes corresponding to respective binary codes are recorded in the second row. The position detector further includes a plurality of light emitting and receiving elements for detecting the codes of the first and second rows and a serial-parallel converter for converting serially detected binary codes of the first row to parallel rows of binary codes based upon detection signals of the second row. The binary codes in each parallel row are equal in number to recording bits of the positional data.

Abstract: A rotational position detection encoder includes at least two detection heads located along a slit string of a code plate. The detection signals of one of the detection heads are processed to generate a plurality of phase offset signals having successively differing phases with respect to each other. The phase offset signals are compared with the detection signals of another of the detection heads, and the phase offset signals having a phase closest to that of the detection signals of the other detection head are selected and added to the detection signals of the other detection head. As such, detection signals having conforming phases are obtained without minute positional adjustment of the detection heads.

Abstract: A position detection encoder includes a code plate having a plurality of slots formed therein, a first light emitting element and a first light receiving element disposed on one side of the code plate, and a second light emitting element and a second light receiving element disposed on another side of the code plate. A first light beam emitted from the first light emitting element and received by the second light receiving element passes simultaneously through a same one of the plurality of slits of the code plate as does a second light beam emitted from the second light emitting element and received by the first light emitting element. Detection signals having differing phases are respectively obtained from the first and second light receiving elements.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for simultaneously detecting and comparing a plurality of upper patterns indicative of Gray code patterns and having greater pattern pitches and a plurality of lower patterns indicative of pure binary code patterns and having smaller pattern pitches to correct the upper pattern detection data and thereby detect an absolute position.

Abstract: A speed detecting apparatus including an encoder for generating detection signals of different phases, a scanning device for scanning said detection signals to output a scanned detection signal, and a period detecting device for detecting the period of said scanned detection signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing a rotary member, comprising: a rotational drive for driving the rotary member so as to rotate the rotary member about an axis of the rotary member; an encoder for detecting a rotational position of the rotational drive device; a control device for controlling, in response to an output signal of the encoder, the rotational drive device so as to rotate the rotational drive device at a uniform speed; a processing device for processing an arbitrary position of the rotary member rotating at the uniform speed; a position detecting device for detecting, on the basis of the output signal of the encoder, a rotational position of the rotary member by raising a resolution of the output signal of the encoder; and a processing control device for controlling the processing device on the basis of the rotational position of the rotary member detected by the position detecting device.

Abstract: A reference signal generation apparatus for a position detector is disclosed in which a plurality of signals having peaks at predetermined intervals are produced from the light transmitted through slit rows of random patterns and a plurality of light detectors for detecting the same light, thereby producing a reference signal in the vicinity of maximum and minimum values of the difference signal between the output signals of the light detectors.

Abstract: A photoelectric position encoder using diffraction imagery has a laser light source emitting parallel, coherent light. As least one light sensing device senses the light amount received from the light source and provides an output signal corresponding thereto. A transfer slit plate having periodic slits is disposed between the light source and the light sensing device. The light sensing device thus senses the variation in the received light amount caused by the movement of the transfer slit plate. The light sensing device also senses brightness and darkness fringes of a diffraction image caused by the periodic slits of the transfer plate. Circuitry is coupled to the light sensing device and issues a position signal corresponding to the position of the transfer slit plate.

Abstract: A scale (110) having apertures representing a binary code (113A-113E) and other apertures (115, 116, 111) generating two compensation signals and moire fringes in cooperation with a mask (105) having tilted apertures (112A) is scanned by a light beam (101A), and the light beam which has passed through the aperture is detected, and an approximate position of the scale is detected by means of the binary code, then a precise position is detected by a signal of the moire fringes which is compensated on the basis of a predetermined algorithm (Table 1) specified by the compensation signals.

Abstract: A reference signal generation apparatus for a position detector is disclosed in which a plurality of signals having peaks at predetermined intervals are produced from the light transmitted through slit rows of random patterns and a plurality of light detectors for detecting the same light, thereby producing a reference signal in the vicinity of maximum and minimum values of the difference signal between the output signals of the light detectors.

Abstract: A movable object position detecting method and apparatus perform detection of an absolute position of a code plate attached to the movable object, by using at least two position detection parts which include an upper-digit (namely, lower-order) position detection part and a lower-digit (namely, higher-order) position detection part, respectively. The upper-digit position detection part detects the absolute position of the code plate within a predetermined detection range to provide binary detection data. The lower-digit position detection part detects a position of the code plate within a detection range twice as large as a minimum detection width of the upper-digit position detection part to provide digitized detection data.

Abstract: The image of an object is focused on a pair of photoelectric transducer arrays through a focusing lens, a beam splitter, and cylindrical lenses, the photoelectric transducer arrays having longitudinal axes extending substantially perpendicularly to each other. A scanning unit operates to move object images one-dimensionally over the photoelectric transducer arrays at an angle to the longitudinal axes thereof. A control unit is responsive to detected signals from the photoelectric transducer arrays and generates a scanning signal for the scanning unit for determining a two-dimensional position of the object with respect to the photoelectric transducer arrays. The beam splitter and the cylindrical lenses may be dispensed with, and the photoelectric transducer arrays may be replaced with a matrix of four photoelectric transducers.

Abstract: A position detecting apparatus provided with a lighting unit 13 for lighting an object 14 to be detected, an image-formation unit 15 for imaging the object 14, a detecting unit 16 comprising a plurality of photoelectric converters disposed on the image-formation plane to detect brightness of the image and disposed two-dimensionally, a scanning unit 17 for allowing the relative position of the image to the photoelectric converters to move one-dimensionally in the image-formation plane, a selecting unit 19 for selecting the plurality of detected signals of the detecting unit, and a decision means 18 for deciding the one- and two-dimensional positions of the center, corner and edge of the object by means of the detected signal of the detecting unit, a selected signal of the selecting unit and a scanning signal of the scanning unit, so that the images formed are moved slantwise with respect to the plurality of photoelectric converters disposed two-dimensionally and the selecting unit selects the detected signals