Abstract: A reducing agent for use in production of a product gas containing carbon monoxide, the reducing agent being brought into contact with a raw material gas containing carbon dioxide to reduce the carbon dioxide to produce the product gas; the reducing agent containing a composite metal oxide represented by Ce1-x(M)xOy, where M is a metal element with an ionic radius smaller than an ionic radius of Ce with an identical valence number and an identical coordination number, x represents a positive real number, and y represents a real number from 1 to 4. The reducing agent that has a high conversion efficiency of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide, and can be used, for example, in a chemical looping method, and a method for producing a gas using such a reducing agent.

Abstract: A reducing agent for use in production of a product gas containing carbon monoxide, the reducing agent being brought into contact with a raw material gas containing carbon dioxide to reduce the carbon dioxide to produce the product gas; the reducing agent containing an oxygen carrier having oxygen ionic conductivity, and a basic oxide supported on the oxygen carrier. In addition, the basic oxide preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), strontium (Sr), and rubidium (Rb). The reducing agent has a high conversion efficiency of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide, and can be used, for example, in a chemical looping method, and a method for producing a gas using such a reducing agent.

Abstract: The method of the present invention for producing 1,3-butadiene includes: vaporizing an ethanol feedstock in a vaporizer (104), supplying the feedstock to two or more parallel first reactors (108) to convert ethanol into acetaldehyde in the presence of a first catalyst; supplying a resulting intermediate gas to a second reactor (110) to convert ethanol and acetaldehyde into 1,3-butadiene in the presence of a second catalyst; purifying a resulting crude gas containing 1,3-butadiene by a gas-liquid separator (112), a first distillation column (114), a fourth reactor (116), and a second distillation column (118); and supplying an oxygen-containing gas to at least one of the two or more parallel first reactors (108) under specific conditions, while discharging a carbon dioxide-containing gas from the first reactor (108), to thereby regenerate the first catalyst, while continuing the conversion reaction.

Abstract: In the method of the present invention, 1,3-butadiene is produced by vaporizing an ethanol feedstock in a vaporizer (104), feeding the resulting into two or more parallel first reactors (108) to convert the ethanol to acetaldehyde in the presence of a first catalyst, supplying the resulting intermediate gas to a second reactor (110) to convert the ethanol and acetaldehyde to 1,3-butadiene in the presence of a second catalyst, purifying the resulting crude gas containing 1,3-butadiene by a gas-liquid separator (112), a first distillation column (114), a fourth reactor (116), a second distillation column (118), and mixing one of both of a part of the ethanol-containing gas and an acetaldehyde-containing gas obtained in the second distillation column (118) are mixed with the intermediate gas, thereby adjusting an ethanol/acetaldehyde molar ratio in the intermediate gas to 1 to 100.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst including: a porous carrier including at least one element X selected from the group consisting of elements belonging to Groups 13 and 14 of the periodic table; an oxide of at least one metal element A selected from the group consisting of elements belonging to Groups 3 to 6 of the periodic table; and at least one oxide of a metal element B selected from the group consisting of elements belonging to Group 2 and Groups 7 to 12 of the periodic table, wherein at least a part of the oxide of the metal element A is bonded to the porous carrier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst which is a composite oxide including at least one element X selected from the group consisting of elements belonging to Groups 3 to 6 of the periodic table, and at least one element Z selected from the group consisting of elements belonging to Group 14 of the periodic table, wherein the catalyst has mesopores.

Abstract: A catalyst includes at least one element X selected from the group consisting of Groups 3 to 6 of the Periodic Table, and at least one element Z selected from the group consisting of Group 14 elements. At least one diffraction peak is observed in a low angle range of ?=6° or less in an X-ray diffraction profile observed using X-ray diffraction. The at least one diffraction peak has a ratio (I/H) of a peak intensity I to a half width at half maximum H of the diffraction peak of 5000 or more.

Abstract: In the method of the present invention, 1,3-butadiene is produced by vaporizing an ethanol feedstock in a vaporizer (104), feeding the resulting into two or more parallel first reactors (108) to convert the ethanol to acetaldehyde in the presence of a first catalyst, supplying the resulting intermediate gas to a second reactor (110) to convert the ethanol and acetaldehyde to 1,3-butadiene in the presence of a second catalyst, purifying the resulting crude gas containing 1,3-butadiene by a gas-liquid separator (112), a first distillation column (114), a fourth reactor (116), a second distillation column (118), and mixing one of both of a part of the ethanol-containing gas and an acetaldehyde-containing gas obtained in the second distillation column (118) are mixed with the intermediate gas, thereby adjusting an ethanol/acetaldehyde molar ratio in the intermediate gas to 1 to 100.

Abstract: The method of the present invention for producing 1,3-butadiene includes: vaporizing an ethanol feedstock in a vaporizer (104), supplying the feedstock to two or more parallel first reactors (108) to convert ethanol into acetaldehyde in the presence of a first catalyst; supplying a resulting intermediate gas to a second reactor (110) to convert ethanol and acetaldehyde into 1,3-butadiene in the presence of a second catalyst; purifying a resulting crude gas containing 1,3-butadiene by a gas-liquid separator (112), a first distillation column (114), a fourth reactor (116), and a second distillation column (118); and supplying an oxygen-containing gas to at least one of the two or more parallel first reactors (108) under specific conditions, while discharging a carbon dioxide-containing gas from the first reactor (108), to thereby regenerate the first catalyst, while continuing the conversion reaction.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a novel and practical alcohol and derivatives thereof which have more industrial value than existing petrochemical raw materials. The present disclosure further provides ethanol, characterized in that a peak in gas chromatography measured by gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (GC/MS) has at least one peak with a retention time selected from (A) a peak of 5 minutes 25 seconds to 5 minutes 35 seconds and two peaks of 2 minutes 55 seconds to 3 minutes 5 seconds; (B) a peak of 12 minutes 30 seconds to 12 minutes 40 seconds; (C) a peak of 6 minutes 36 seconds to 6 minutes 45 seconds; and (D) a peak of 15 minutes 00 seconds to 15 minutes 15 seconds.

Abstract: In the method of the present invention, 1,3-butadiene is produced by vaporizing an ethanol feedstock in a vaporizer (104), feeding the resulting into two or more parallel first reactors (108) to convert the ethanol to acetaldehyde in the presence of a first catalyst, supplying the resulting intermediate gas to a second reactor (110) to convert the ethanol and acetaldehyde to 1,3-butadiene in the presence of a second catalyst, purifying the resulting crude gas containing 1,3-butadiene by a gas-liquid separator (112), a first distillation column (114), a fourth reactor (116), a second distillation column (118), and mixing one of both of a part of the ethanol-containing gas and an acetaldehyde-containing gas obtained in the second distillation column (118) are mixed with the intermediate gas, thereby adjusting an ethanol/acetaldehyde molar ratio in the intermediate gas to 1 to 100.

Abstract: A catalyst for synthesizing a conjugated diene from a raw material including an alcohol, which includes at least Ce and Zn as metal elements constituting the catalyst. An apparatus for producing a conjugated diene, including: a reaction tube (1) provided with the catalyst; a supply means for supplying a raw material gas containing the raw material into the reaction tube (1); and an outlet means for releasing a product from the reaction tube (1). A method for producing a conjugated diene, including contacting a raw material gas containing a raw material with the catalyst to obtain a conjugated diene. The amount of the raw material is preferably 10 to 50% by volume (in terms of gas volume) with respect to 100% by volume (in terms of gas volume) of the raw material gas.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst comprising at least one first metal selected from the group consisting of Groups 3 to 6 of the periodic table, wherein an amount of Bronsted acid sites of the catalyst is 1.8 ?mol/g or less.

Abstract: A catalyst of the present invention contains a first transition metal oxide (A1) represented by the general formula M1Ox, wherein M1 represents a transition metal element, and x represents a positive real number, and a metal compound (B1) capable of adsorbing carbon dioxide. The first transition metal oxide (A1) is supported on the metal compound (B1), and the first transition metal oxide (A1) can produce a compound represented by the general formula M1Ox-n by reduction, wherein M1 and x are as defined above, and n represents a positive real number equal to or less than x.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides ethanol comprising an inorganic component and/or an organic component. The inorganic component may contain at least one component selected from the group consisting of: silicon having a content of 10 mg/L or more and 100 mg/L or less; chromium having a content of 0.6 mg/L or less; iron having a content of 2.0 mg/L or less; sodium having a content of 150 mg/L or more and 1000 mg/L or less; and potassium having a content of 1.0 mg/L or more and 10 mg/L or less. The organic component may contain at least one component selected from the group consisting of: aliphatic hydrocarbon having a content of 0.16 mg/L or more and 10 mg/L or less; aromatic hydrocarbon having a content of 0.4 mg/L or more and 10 mg/L or less; and dialkyl ether having a content of 0.1 mg/L or more and 100 mg/L or less.

Abstract: [Problem to be Solved] Provided is a method for producing a non-petrochemical-derived conjugated diene polymer using an alcohol derived from a non-petrochemical raw material. [Means to Solve the Problem] In the present invention, the method is characterized in that a non-petrochemical-derived conjugated diene polymer is produced using an alcohol derived from a non-petrochemical raw material having an iron content of 0.0001 mg/L to 2 mg/L.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst comprising at least one first metal selected from the group consisting of Groups 3 to 6 of the periodic table, wherein an amount of Bronsted acid sites of the catalyst is 1.8 ?mol/g or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst including: a porous carrier including at least one element X selected from the group consisting of elements belonging to Groups 13 and 14 of the periodic table; an oxide of at least one metal element A selected from the group consisting of elements belonging to Groups 3 to 6 of the periodic table; and at least one oxide of a metal element B selected from the group consisting of elements belonging to Group 2 and Groups 7 to 12 of the periodic table, wherein at least a part of the oxide of the metal element A is bonded to the porous carrier.

Abstract: A catalyst of the present invention contains a first transition metal oxide (A1) represented by the general formula M1Ox, wherein M1 represents a transition metal element, and x represents a positive real number, and a metal compound (B1) capable of adsorbing carbon dioxide. The first transition metal oxide (A1) is supported on the metal compound (B1), and the first transition metal oxide (A1) can produce a compound represented by the general formula M1Ox-n by reduction, wherein M1 and x are as defined above, and n represents a positive real number equal to or less than x.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst comprising, as catalyst components; a compound comprising at least one element X selected from the group consisting of elements belonging to Groups 3 to 6 of the periodic table; a zinc compound; and a compound comprising at least one element Y selected from the group consisting of elements belonging to Groups 7 to 11 of the periodic table, and wherein the catalyst has an average pore diameter of 2 to 50 nm.