Abstract: Production of hollow carbon fibers and hollow carbon particles includes baking and carbonization of polymer particles having a specified volume after deformation. A metal-deposited carbon fiber with metal deposited inside and/or outside the hollow carbon fiber is applicable to electron discharge devices. The thickness and crystallinity of the graphite layer can be freely controlled. Since almost no by-product is generated, separation and refining using a solvent is not required. A hollow carbon particle of desired shape can be produced at a high yield rate. The hollow carbon fiber represented by a carbon nano-tube can be controlled in such a way that a low resistance and uniform shape are provided so that there is an increase in the amount of electrons discharged from the hollow carbon fiber. Use of this hollow carbon fiber as an electron discharge source provides an excellent electron discharge device characterized by stable pixels.

Abstract: Production of hollow carbon fibers and hollow carbon particles includes baking and carbonization of polymer particles having a specified volume after deformation. A metal-deposited carbon fiber with metal deposited inside and/or outside the hollow carbon fiber is applicable to electron discharge devices. The thickness and crystallinity of the graphite layer can be freely controlled. Since almost no by-product is generated, separation and refining using a solvent is not required. A hollow carbon particle of desired shape can be produced at a high yield rate. The hollow carbon fiber represented by a carbon nano-tube can be controlled in such a way that a low resistance and uniform shape are provided so that there is an increase in the amount of electrons discharged from the hollow carbon fiber. Use of this hollow carbon fiber as an electron discharge source provides an excellent electron discharge device characterized by stable pixels.

Abstract: Production of hollow carbon fibers and hollow carbon particles includes baking and carbonization of polymer particles having a specified volume after deformation. A metal-deposited carbon fiber with metal deposited inside and/or outside the hollow carbon fiber is applicable to electron discharge devices. The thickness and crystallinity of the graphite layer can be freely controlled. Since almost no by-product is generated, separation and refining using a solvent is not required. A hollow carbon particle of desired shape can be produced at a high yield rate. The hollow carbon fiber represented by a carbon nano-tube can be controlled in such a way that a low resistance and uniform shape are provided so that there is an increase in the amount of electrons discharged from the hollow carbon fiber. Use of this hollow carbon fiber as an electron discharge source provides an excellent electron discharge device characterized by stable pixels.

Abstract: Production of hollow carbon fibers and hollow carbon particles includes baking and carbonization of polymer particles having a specified volume after deformation. A metal-deposited carbon fiber with metal deposited inside and/or outside the hollow carbon fiber is applicable to electron discharge devices. The thickness and crystallinity of the graphite layer can be freely controlled. Since almost no by-product is generated, separation and refining using a solvent is not required. A hollow carbon particle of desired shape can be produced at a high yield rate. The hollow carbon fiber represented by a carbon nano-tube can be controlled in such a way that a low resistance and uniform shape are provided so that there is an increase in the amount of electrons discharged from the hollow carbon fiber. Use of this hollow carbon fiber as an electron discharge source provides an excellent electron discharge device characterized by stable pixels.

Abstract: Production of hollow carbon fibers and hollow carbon particles includes baking and carbonization of polymer particles having a specified volume after deformation. A metal-deposited carbon fiber with metal deposited inside and/or outside the hollow carbon fiber is applicable to electron discharge devices. The thickness and crystallinity of the graphite layer can be freely controlled. Since almost no by-product is generated, separation and refining using a solvent is not required. A hollow carbon particle of desired shape can be produced at a high yield rate. The hollow carbon fiber represented by a carbon nano-tube can be controlled in such a way that a low resistance and uniform shape are provided so that there is an increase in the amount of electrons discharged from the hollow carbon fiber. Use of this hollow carbon fiber as an electron discharge source provides an excellent electron discharge device characterized by stable pixels.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hollow carbon fibers, hollow carbon particle and production method thereof comprising a step for baking and carbonization of polymer particles having a specified volume after deformation of them. A metal-deposited carbon fiber with metal deposited inside and/or outside the hollow carbon fiber, its production method and electron discharge device. The thickness and crystallinity of the graphite layer can be freely controlled. Since almost no by-product is generated, a step of separation and refining by solvent or the like is not required. The hollow carbon particle of a desired shape can be produced at a high yield rate. According to the present invention, the hollow carbon fiber represented by a carbon nano-tube can be controlled in such a way that a low resistance and uniform shape (fiber diameter and length) are provided with the result that there is an increase in the amount of electrons discharged from the hollow carbon fiber.

Abstract: A roller bottle handling system includes a culture rack storage station for storing a plurality of culture racks each for accommodating a plurality of roller bottles each filled with a culture medium and cells, and a mass-handling facility for extracting completed cultures from roller bottles and replacing a culture medium in the roller bottles with a new culture medium. The roller bottle handling system further includes an unloading station for taking out roller bottles from culture racks delivered from the culture rack storage station and delivering the roller bottles to the mass-handling facility, and a loading station for charging roller bottles filled with a culture medium and cells into culture racks. Automatic guided vehicles or overhead traveling cranes are movable to deliver culture racks, one at a time, between the culture rack storage station and the unloading and loading stations.

Abstract: Liquid crystals purified by treating with porous particles of a compound having one or more imide groups, or a liquid crystal composition comprising one or more liquid crystals and porous particles of a compound having one or more imide groups can provide a liquid crystal cell having a high voltage retention rate and a liquid crystal display device having high display properties.

Abstract: Liquid crystals purified by treating with porous particles of a compound having one or more imide groups, or a liquid crystal composition comprising one or more liquid crystals and porous particles of a compound having one or more imide groups can provide a liquid crystal cell having a high voltage retention rate and a liquid crystal display device having high display properties.

Abstract: In a thin-film magnetic head having a magnetic core (upper magnetic layer), in the electromagnetic conversion section, which are composed of an upper first magnetic film, inorganic insulating film, and an upper second magnetic film, the upper first magnetic film is used as a second wiring for electrical continuity between the coil and input/output terminal. The upper first magnetic film is connected to the center of a coil which is of a single-layer structure. The first upper magnetic film is made of a same material as the coil and is formed simultaneously with the latter. In the region in which an input/output terminal backing is formed, the upper first magnetic film of a second wiring is removed. Thus, the electrical continuity is established between the input/output terminal and the center of the coil.Also, the utilization of the upper first magnetic film as second wiring is applicable to a thin-film magnetic head having a coil of a multi-layer structure.

Abstract: Novel clavulone derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 combine together to form a keto group or either one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is hydrogen atom and another one of them is hydroxy or acetoxy group, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and are each hydrogen atom or acetoxy group, n is 0 or 1, provided that when the C--C bond between 8 and 12 positions is double bond, n is 0, a, b, c, d and e are each an integer of 1 or 2, and the dotted line means that the C--C bond is a single bond or double bond, or a salt thereof, which have excellent anti-inflammatory activity and anti-tumor activity and hence are useful as an anti-inflammatory agent or anti-tumor agent.

Abstract: A thin-film magnetic head having a magnetic core of double step structure and a method of fabricating it. A first magnetic core is formed on a substrate, which has a predetermined thickness at a pole chip region thereof and a thickness larger than the predetermined thickness at a back region thereof; a magnetic gap is formed thereon, a conductor coil is formed on the magnetic gap, which is encircled by an inter-layer, insulating film; a first magnetic film is formed thereon, which constitutes one layer of a second magnetic core and is connected with the first magnetic core at the back region; and a second magnetic film is formed thereon through an inorganic insulating film, which constitutes another layer of the second magnetic core and is removed at the pole chip region. When the second magnetic film is removed, the inorganic insulating film serves to protect the first magnetic film, and hence the thickness of the first magnetic film is maintained unvaried.

Abstract: A liquid chromatographic column packing material comprising porous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer particles having --SO.sub.3.sup.- groups and, as counterion thereof, ions represented by the formula: .sup.+ NH.sub.n X.sub.m wherein X is --CH.sub.2 OH, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O--.sub.p H or --CR'.sub.q (CH.sub.2 OH).sub.r group; R' is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group; q and r are independently zero or an integer of 1 to 3, and q+r=3; p is an integer of 1 to 10; n is zero or an integer of 1; and m is an integer of 3 or 4, but m+n=4, is suited for separating sugars or sugaralcohols by liquid chromatography.

Abstract: Porous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer particles having SO.sub.3.sup.- groups and counter ions for SO.sub.3.sup.- groups, said counter ions being (a) at least one of Ca.sup.++ and Sr.sup.++ and (b) at least one of Pb.sup.++ and Ba.sup.++ and the equivalent ratio of (a)/(b) being 1/2 to 2/1, are an excellent liquid chromatographic column packing material suited for separating sugars different in kind but the same in molecular weight.

Abstract: A particulate polymer which has imide groups and may be in gelled state can be produced by reacting a polyisocyanate with a polycarboxylic acid having at least one acid anhydride group, and if necessary together with a polycarboxylic acid other than that mentioned above in the presence of a liquid medium containing at least one non-aqueous organic liquid, and thereby obtaining the particulate polymer having imide groups dispersed in the non-aqueous organic liquid.