Abstract: The method comprises contacting a silicon substrate with a silver salt and an acid for a time effective to produce spikes having a first end disposed on the silicon substrate and a second end extending away from the silicon substrate. The spikes have a second end diameter of about 10 nm to about 200 nm, a height of about 100 nm to 10 micrometers, and a density of about 10 to 100 per square microns. The nanostructures provide antimicrobial properties and can be transferred to the surface of various materials such as polymers.

Abstract: Rubber compositions are disclosed having a reinforcing filler of carbon black having select properties and a rubber, and tires and tire components and belt skims made from the rubber compositions. The rubber compositions can further include an additional reinforcing filler to form a blend of fillers. The rubber compositions are used to form belt assemblies having reinforcing components, such as metal cords. Also disclosed herein are methods of manufacturing belt assemblies and tires with belt assemblies disposed in the belt skim rubber compositions.

Abstract: A lamella, membrane, or overlay for use in a tire is provided. A lamella, membrane, or overlay is a thin layer of material (distinct from a subtread, tread base, or undercushion), disposed above reinforcing belts, that primarily extends circumferentially and axially. The lamella, membrane, or overlay reduces strain fields within the tire, reduces internal temperatures within the tire, enhances rolling resistance, and improves tire durability. The lamella, membrane, or overlay may be used in various tire applications, including without limitation, truck-and-bus-radial (TBR), heavy-duty, and passenger/light truck (PLTD) tire applications.

Abstract: The method comprises contacting a silicon substrate with a silver salt and an acid for a time effective to produce spikes having a first end disposed on the silicon substrate and a second end extending away from the silicon substrate. The spikes have a second end diameter of about 10 nm to about 200 nm, a height of about 100 nm to 10 micrometers, and a density of about 10 to 100 per square microns. The nanostructures provide antimicrobial properties and can be transferred to the surface of various materials such as polymers.

Abstract: The method comprises contacting a silicon substrate with a silver salt and an acid for a time effective to produce spikes having a first end disposed on the silicon substrate and a second end extending away from the silicon substrate. The spikes have a second end diameter of about 10 nm to about 200 nm, a height of about 100 nm to 10 micrometers, and a density of about 10 to 100 per square microns. The nanostructures provide antimicrobial properties and can be transferred to the surface of various materials such as polymers.

Abstract: The method comprises contacting a silicon substrate with a silver salt and an acid for a time effective to produce spikes having a first end disposed on the silicon substrate and a second end extending away from the silicon substrate. The spikes have a second end diameter of about 10 nm to about 200 nm, a height of about 100 nm to 10 micrometers, and a density of about 10 to 100 per square microns. The nanostructures provide antimicrobial properties and can be transferred to the surface of various materials such as polymers.