Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards polyol compositions including a dispersion of polyisocyanate polyaddition particles in a carrier polyol, wherein the polyisocyanate polyaddition particles have an average particle diameter from 0.1 to 10.0 microns and the dispersion has a solids content from 5 wt % to 50 wt % based upon a total weight of the dispersion, and a polyester polyol that is from 1 wt % to 98 wt % of the polyol composition based upon a total weight of the polyol composition.

Abstract: A polyol composition is made by polymerizing a mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide onto a mixture of at least one diol initiator and at least one triol initiator, followed by polymerizing 100% propylene oxide or a mixture of at least 90 weight percent propylene oxide and at most 10 weight percent ethylene oxide. The resulting polyol composition has a hydroxyl equivalent weight of 200 to 400 and an average nominal functionality of 2.05 to 2.95 hydroxyl groups/molecule. 5 to 30 percent of the hydroxyl groups of the coinitiated polyether polyol are primary hydroxyl groups and polymerized ethylene oxide constitutes 40 to 63 percent of the total weight of the coinitiated polyether polyol.

Abstract: A reaction system for forming a polyurethane product comprises an isocyanate component and an isocyanate-reactive component including a sulfur-containing polyether polyol that is an alkylated sulfur-containing initiator. The sulfur-containing polyether polyol has a number average molecular weight from 400 g/mol to 10,000 g/mol and the sulfur-containing initiator having another number average molecular weight that is less than the number average molecular weight of the sulfur-containing polyether polyol. The composition has a sulfur content from 0.1 wt % to 3.0 wt %, based on a total weight of the composition.

Abstract: A method of forming a flexible polyurethane foam that passes BS 5852:2006 source V (Crib 5) test. The method includes providing a modified polyisocyanate polyaddition (PIPA) 5 polyol formed by contacting a PIPA polyol dispersion with at least one carboxylic acid having a melting point above zero degree Celsius and present in a carrier solvent. The PIPA polyol dispersion has a polyol liquid phase content of 60 wt. % to 90 wt. % and a solid particle phase content of 10 wt. % to 40 wt. % based on a total weight of the PIPA polyol dispersion. From 10 weight percent (wt. %) to 80 wt. % of the modified PIPA polyol is combined with 90 wt. % to 20 10 wt. % of at least another polyether polyol based on a total weight of a polyol blend of the PIPA polyol and the at least another polyether polyol, where the polyether polyol is formed with propylene oxide and ethylene oxide and has an equivalent weight of 1,000 to 2,000 and a functionality of 3 to 6.

Abstract: A reaction system for forming a viscoelastic polyurethane foam includes an isocyanate component that has at least one isocyanate and an isocyanate-reactive component that is a mixture formed by adding at least a polyol component, an additive component, and a preformed aqueous polymer dispersion. The mixture includes, based on the total weight of the mixture, from 50.0 wt % to 99.8 wt % of a polyol component including at least one polyether polyol, from 0.1 wt % to 50.0 wt % of an additive component including at least one catalyst, and from 0.1 wt % to 6.0 wt % of a preformed aqueous polymer dispersion. The preformed aqueous polymer dispersion has a solids content from 10 wt % to 80 wt %, based on the total weight of the preformed aqueous polymer dispersion, and is one of an aqueous acid polymer dispersion or an aqueous acid modified polyolefin polymer dispersion in which the polyolefin is derived from at least one C2 to C20 alpha-olefin.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards polyether polyol compositions that can be utilized to form semi-rigid foams. As an example, a polyether polyol composition can include a first polyether polyol having an average nominal hydroxyl functionality from 2 to 4 and a number average equivalent weight from 120 to 1500, a second polyether polyol having a having an average nominal hydroxyl functionality from 4 to 8 and a number average equivalent weight from 120 to 800, and a third polyether polyol having an average nominal hydroxyl functionality from 2 to 4 a number average equivalent weight from 200 to 500.

Abstract: A method for making a copolymer polyol includes (a) forming a pre-compounded thermoplastic polymeric composition by compounding from 10 wt % to 90 wt % of a solid functional additive component with from 10 wt % to 90 wt % of a polystyrene component, (b) melting the pre-compounded thermoplastic polymeric composition to form a melted thermoplastic polymeric composition, (c) combining the melted thermoplastic polymeric composition with a carrier polyol component in the presence of a stabilizer component to form a pre-mixture that includes the pre-compounded thermoplastic polymeric composition dispersed within a continuous phase of the carrier polyol component, and (d) cooling the pre-mixture to form the copolymer polyol.

Abstract: PIPA polyols are made by reacting a low equivalent weight polyol with a polyisocyanate in the presence of a stabilizer. Low amounts, if any, of water are present. Useful stabilizers include functionalized linear or branched polyethers having at least one polyether segment having a molecular weight of 200 to 8000, wherein the functionalized polyether is terminated at one end with one or more isocyanate groups or with one or more isocyanate-reactive groups linked to the polyether through one or more urea and/or urethane groups, and further wherein all or a portion of such functionalized polyether contains one or more biuret, isocyanurate, urea or allophonate groups.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards semi-flexible foam formulations that can be utilized to form semi-flexible foams. As an example, a semiflexible foam formulation can include a first polyether polyol having an average nominal hydroxyl functionality from 2 to 4 and a number average equivalent weight from 120 to 1500, a second polyether polyol having a having an average nominal hydroxyl functionality from 4 to 8 and a number average equivalent weight from 120 to 800, and a third polyether polyol having an average nominal hydroxyl functionality from 2 to 4 a number average equivalent weight from 200 to 500 and toluene diisocyanate.

Abstract: A reaction system for forming a viscoelastic polyurethane foam includes an isocyanate component that has at least one isocyanate and an isocyanate-reactive component that is a mixture formed by adding at least a polyol component, an additive component, and a preformed aqueous polymer dispersion. The mixture includes, based on the total weight of the mixture, from 50.0 wt % to 99.8 wt % of a polyol component including at least one polyether polyol, from 0.1 wt % to 50.0 wt % of an additive component including at least one catalyst, and from 0.1 wt % to 6.0 wt % of a preformed aqueous polymer dispersion. The preformed aqueous polymer dispersion has a solids content from 10 wt % to 80 wt %, based on the total weight of the preformed aqueous polymer dispersion, and is one of an aqueous acid polymer dispersion or an aqueous acid modified polyolefin polymer dispersion in which the polyolefin is derived from at least one C2 to C20 alpha-olefin.

Abstract: A process for forming a combustion-modified ether (CME) polyurethane foam includes providing a polyol component including a PIPA polyol that is a dispersion having a solids content from 10 wt % to 75 wt %, based on a total weight of the PIPA polyol, providing an isocyanate component that includes at least one polyisocyanate, providing an additive component that includes at least one flame retardant, and forming a reaction mixture including the polyol component, the isocyanate component, and the additive component to form a CME polyurethane foam. The reaction mixture has an isocyanate index from 90 to 150.

Abstract: A process for forming a conventional flexible polyurethane foam includes providing a polyol component including a PIPA polyol that is a dispersion having a solids content from 10% to 75 wt %, based on a total weight of the PIPA polyol, providing an isocyanate component that includes at least one polyisocyanate, providing an additive component that includes a catalyst, and forming a reaction mixture including the polyol component, the isocyanate component, and the additive component to form a flexible polyurethane foam with a resiliency value below 45%. The reaction mixture has an isocyanate index from 90 to 150.

Abstract: Thixotropic polyol dispersions are described. The dispersions contain a dispersed phase of polyurethane-isocyanurate particles. They can be made by reacting a low equivalent weight polyol with a polyisocyanate in the presence of an isocyanate trimerization catalyst while dispersed in a base polyol. These polyol dispersions are useful as the resin component of curable systems such as formulated coatings, sealants or adhesives.

Abstract: PIPA polyols are made in a two-step process. In the first step, a base polyether polyol and a polyisocyanate are reacted to form a mixture that contains unreacted base polyol, unreacted polyisocyanate and adducts of the base polyol and polyisocyanate. A low equivalent weight polyol is then added and reacted in a second step to form the dispersion. The process unexpectedly produces a stable dispersion of the fine PIPA particles in the base polyol, even when the base polyol contains mostly secondary hydroxyl groups. The process also permits the tuning of product viscosity by increasing or decreasing the extent of reaction in the first step.

Abstract: Viscoelastic foam is made by reacting an isocyanate compound with water and a polyol mixture. The polyol mixture contains a dispersion of polyurethane or polyurethane-urea particles in a carrier polyol (a PIPA polyol) and at least one other polyol that is a homopolymer of propylene oxide or a copolymer of 20 to 99.9 weight-% propylene oxide and 0.1 to 80 weight-% ethylene oxide, has 2 to 4 hydroxyl groups per molecule and has a hydroxyl equivalent weight of 200 to 400. The VE foams are characterized by high airflows and long recovery times.

Abstract: Ethylene carbonate is polymerized by itself or together with another cyclic monomer such as 1,2-propylene oxide in the presence of a double metal cyanide catalyst. Most of the ethylene carbonate adds to the chain to form a terminal carbonate group, which decarboxylates to produce a hydroxyethyl group at the end of the polymer chain. The polymerization of more ethylene carbonate onto the chain end results in the formation of poly(ethyleneoxy) units. Therefore, the process provides a method for making poly(ethyleneoxy) polymers without the need to polymerize ethylene oxide. The process is useful for making polyethers that are useful as water-absorbable polymers, surfactants and as raw materials for polyurethanes. The process is also useful for increasing the primary hydroxyl content of a polyether.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include a polymer polyol dispersions. The polymer dispersions include a reaction product of a reaction system, where the reaction system includes: at least one polyol, at least one phosphorus based flame retardant having at least one active hydrogen attached to a nitrogen or oxygen atom, at least one of a co-reactant having an equivalent weight of up to 400 and at least one active hydrogen attached to a nitrogen or oxygen atom, at least one catalyst, and at least one polyisocyanate.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide for polymer polyols and methods of producing polymer polyols. Methods include providing at least one first composition which includes at least one polyol, at least one isocyanate non-reactive seed population, and at least one of a co-reactant having an equivalent weight of up to 400 and at least one active hydrogen attached to a nitrogen or oxygen atom. The at least one isocyanate non-reactive seed population includes less than about 5% by weight of the total weight of the first composition, and the seed population has a maximum particle diameter of less than 10 ?m. The first composition is combined with at least one polyisocyanate under mixing to form at least one of a polyurea, polyurethane, and a polyurethane-urea particle population dispersed in the first composition, wherein at least 90% by weight of the particle population has a particle diameter of less than 100 ?m.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include a method of producing polymer polyol dispersions is. The method includes providing at least one reaction system, and the reaction system includes: a) at least one polyol, b) at least one seed population, c) at least one catalyst, at least one co-reactant having an equivalent weight of up to 400 and at least one active hydrogen attached to a nitrogen or oxygen atom, and e) at least one polyisocyanate. The at least one seed population includes less than about 5% by weight of the total weight of the at least one reaction system and includes seed particles having diameters of less than 5 ?m. The at least one reaction mixture reacts to form at least one of a polyurea and polyurethane-urea particle population in the at least one polyol without the addition of any catalysts comprising tin. The polymer polyol dispersion has a solids content of at least 15% of the weight of the polymer polyol dispersion.

Abstract: A process for forming a combustion-modified ether (CME) polyurethane foam includes providing a polyol component including a PIPA polyol that is a dispersion having a solids content from 10 wt % to 75 wt %, based on a total weight of the PIPA polyol, providing an isocyanate component that includes at least one polyisocyanate, providing an additive component that includes at least one flame retardant, and forming a reaction mixture including the polyol component, the isocyanate component, and the additive component to form a CME polyurethane foam. The reaction mixture has an isocyanate index from 90 to 150.