Abstract: Biological material is entrapped in a hydrophilic gel by using an apparatus containing a biphasic spray head. In a preferred embodiment, mammalian cells are mixed with a solution of alginate to form a mixture and the mixture is fed to a biphasic spray head where the mixture passes through a nozzle surrounded by an annular passageway through which air is passed. Droplets of the mixture are formed at the tip of the nozzle and air passing through the passageway frees the droplets from the tip and propels them into the atmosphere in the form of fine spherical droplets. The droplets then contact a solution of divalent cation such as calcium chloride which gels the alginate. Preferably, the nozzle has an inner diameter of between about 0.006" and 0.016" and is beveled at an angle between about 15.degree. and 30.degree. to form a conical tip.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for entrapping, proliferating, and/or preserving biological material such as tissues and cells wherein the biological material is entrapped in a permeable gel-like material. The entrapped material is nurtured and proliferated in the gel-like microenvironment. Metabolic and/or other products are thereafter harvested from the entrapped material.

Abstract: Sub-human primate diploid cell lines suitable for virus vaccine production are disclosed as well as the production of the cultures. In particular, monkey diploid cell lines are disclosed.