Abstract: A method for managing garbage collection of memory locations in an DSD having a plurality of dies each having a plurality of memory blocks includes: selecting a physical region of memory to be garbage collected, the selected physical region being a subset of a block management region; and garbage collecting the selected physical region. The garbage collecting includes: determining one or more journals corresponding to the selected physical region, the journal comprising transaction entries indicating what logical data are written to memory locations in the selected physical region; determining whether the memory locations within the physical region contain valid data based on a comparison of information in the journal and a mapping table; and if valid data exists, copying valid data into memory locations in memory regions other than the selected physical region of memory. The selected physical region of memory is erased when the block management region is erased.

Abstract: A method for managing garbage collection of memory locations in an DSD having a plurality of dies each having a plurality of memory blocks includes: selecting a physical region of memory to be garbage collected, the selected physical region being a subset of a block management region; and garbage collecting the selected physical region. The garbage collecting includes: determining one or more journals corresponding to the selected physical region, the journal comprising transaction entries indicating what logical data are written to memory locations in the selected physical region; determining whether the memory locations within the physical region contain valid data based on a comparison of information in the journal and a mapping table; and if valid data exists, copying valid data into memory locations in memory regions other than the selected physical region of memory. The selected physical region of memory is erased when the block management region is erased.

Abstract: A method for managing garbage collection of memory locations in an DSD having a plurality of dies each having a plurality of memory blocks includes: selecting a physical region of memory to be garbage collected, the selected physical region being a subset of a block management region; and garbage collecting the selected physical region. The garbage collecting includes: determining one or more journals corresponding to the selected physical region, the journal comprising transaction entries indicating what logical data are written to memory locations in the selected physical region; determining whether the memory locations within the physical region contain valid data based on a comparison of information in the journal and a mapping table; and if valid data exists, copying valid data into memory locations in memory regions other than the selected physical region of memory. The selected physical region of memory is erased when the block management region is erased.

Abstract: The present invention is a system for discovering the topology of a network. A source node may issue ping symbols that are addressed to specific, potentially existing, target nodes. An echo symbol is always returned. The type of ping symbol determines over how many bridges the ping symbol may propagate. The type of echo symbol identifies if the addressed node is a leaf node, a non-existing node, an operating bridge node, or a non-operating bridge node. The responsibility for transforming pings into echoes belongs only to the bridge nodes. A sequence of issued ping symbols and returned echo symbols allows a source node to discover the topology of the entire network.

Abstract: An improved computer system ring interconnection comprising a plurality of nodes each such node being associated with at least one of a plurality of computer system components; transmission apparatus connecting each of said nodes to a node which is a source of information and to a node which is a recipient of information; each of such nodes comprising apparatus for distributing information received from a node which is a source of information, apparatus for receiving information from and transferring information to the associated one of the system components, apparatus for relaying between the transmission apparatus information to be transferred through the node directed to other such nodes, apparatus for placing a voucher signal on the transmission apparatus in response to the receipt of information from the associated one of such components to indicate that the component has information to be transmitted to another system component, apparatus responsive to the receipt of a voucher signal for determining whe

Abstract: In an improved computer system ring interconnection including a plurality of nodes such nodes being connected by transmission apparatus to a source node of information and a recipient node of information and being associated with at least one of a plurality of computer system components; in which each of such nodes includes information receive and transmit apparatus to and from the associated system component(s) including voucher signal placing apparatus indicating internodal information for transfer, voucher signal receive apparatus determining ability to receive, ticket signal placing apparatus indicating ability to receive information associated with voucher; apparatus to relay information to other nodes; internodal relay apparatus for tickets and vouchers; and information selection apparatus depending on urgency status including apparatus for storing information originated from component and information from other nodes to other nodes based on urgency level, and apparatus for selecting of this information

Abstract: A computer system interconnection including a plurality of nodes each such node being associated with at least one of a plurality of computer system components. Transmission apparatus connects each of said nodes to a node which is a source of information and to a node which is a recipient of information. Each of such nodes comprises apparatus for storing information, apparatus for receiving information from and transferring information to the associated one of the system components, and apparatus for placing a voucher signal on the transmission apparatus in response to the receipt of information from the associated one of such components to indicate that the node has information to be transmitted to another system component.