Abstract: An optical strain gauge system measures strain on the exterior surface of a pipe to identify areas of wear on the interior surface of the pipe. The optical strain gauge system comprises an optical sensing interrogator and at least one optical fiber. The optical sensing interrogator comprises a light source and a light sensor. The at least one optical fiber includes fiber Bragg gratings along the length of the optical fiber. The optical fiber is arranged on the exterior surface of the pipe with the fiber Bragg gratings forming a two-dimensional array of points at which strain measurements are obtained. The two-dimensional array of strain measurement points provides an accurate assessment of the strains on the exterior of the pipe which can be used to identify areas of wear on the interior surface of the pipe.

Abstract: A water jet suitable for use in a water recreational apparatus has (a) a body defining a body interior passageway between a body inlet opening and a body outlet opening, the body having (a) a light well with an open external end and a closed transparent internal end, and (b) an insert disposed largely within the body, the insert defining an insert interior passageway between an insert inlet opening and an insert outlet opening, the insert defining a flange cover at the proximal end of the insert. The insert is moveable within the body between a water open position and a water closed position. The insert is also moveable within the body between a light on position and a light off position.

Abstract: This invention relates to the separation of lithium from lithium-containing materials, primarily ores such as hectoritic montmorillonite, having about 0.1 to 1.0 percent lithium by weight. The process comprises reducing the particle size of the material to less than about 150 microns; mixing the material with a solid source of sulfates and carbonates at predetermined ratios; granulating the mix with an aqueous solvent in order to obtain granules of 1-10 mm; reacting the granules at temperatures of 950-1100° C.; slurrying the reaction products with an aqueous solution; heating the resulting slurry at about 50° to 100° C. for from about 0.

Abstract: A water jet suitable for use in a water recreational apparatus has (a) a body defining a body interior passageway between a body inlet opening and a body outlet opening, the body having (a) a light well with an open external end and a closed transparent internal end, and (b) an insert disposed largely within the body, the insert defining an insert interior passageway between an insert inlet opening and an insert outlet opening, the insert defining a flange cover at the proximal end of the insert. The insert is moveable within the body between a water open position and a water closed position. The insert is also moveable within the body between a light on position and a light off position.

Abstract: The memory device contains control structures that allow media content to be stored securely and distributed in a manner envisioned by the content owner, or service providers involved in the distribution. A wide variety of different avenues become available for distributing media content using such memory devices, such as where the devices contain one or more of the following: abridged preview media content, encrypted unabridged media content, prepaid content, rights and/or rules governing access to such content. The memory device has a type of control structures that enable a service provider (who can also be the content owner) to create a secure environment for media content distribution where end users and terminals register with the service provider, and gain access to the content in a manner controlled by the service provider. The various components to be loaded (e.g.

Abstract: A water recreational apparatus, such as a portable spa, hot tub, above-ground pool or water recirculating bathtub has (a) a water recirculation system, including a water pump and a water heater, (b) a control panel having a plurality of control buttons for controlling the operation of the water pump or water heater, and (c) an audio circuit having a speaker and being adapted to emit an audible signal in response to the engagement of a control button.

Abstract: The memory device contains control structures that allow media content to be stored securely and distributed in a manner envisioned by the content owner, or service providers involved in the distribution. A wide variety of different avenues become available for distributing media content using such memory devices, such as where the devices contain one or more of the following: abridged preview media content, encrypted unabridged media content, prepaid content, rights and/or rules governing access to such content. The memory device has a type of control structures that enable a service provider (who can also be the content owner) to create a secure environment for media content distribution where end users and terminals register with the service provider, and gain access to the content in a manner controlled by the service provider. The various components to be loaded (e.g.

Abstract: The memory device contains control structures that allow media content to be stored securely and distributed in a manner envisioned by the content owner, or service providers involved in the distribution. A wide variety of different avenues become available for distributing media content using such memory devices, such as where the devices contain one or more of the following: abridged preview media content, encrypted unabridged media content, prepaid content, rights and/or rules governing access to such content. The memory device has a type of control structures that enable a service provider (who can also be the content owner) to create a secure environment for media content distribution where end users and terminals register with the service provider, and gain access to the content in a manner controlled by the service provider. The various components to be loaded (e.g.

Abstract: A water recreational apparatus has a water basin combination, a cover for covering the water basin combination and a cover removal combination. The cover removal combination includes a cover attachment arm which is rotatably attached to the exterior of the water basin combination. The cover attachment arm is adapted so that the rotation of the cover attachment arm about its attachment axes to the water basin combination alternatively moves the cover between a closed position and an open position. Drive means, such as electric motors, are provided for powering the cover attachment arm about its attachment axes so as to open and close the cover.

Abstract: A centrifugal pump has a pump case and a rotatable impeller disposed within the pump case. A central aperture is defined within the rearward wall of the pump case to facilitate the connection of an impeller drive shaft to the impeller. A drive shaft seal is disposed within the central aperture to seal the impeller drive shaft to the pump case. At least one or more grooves are defined in the rearward wall of the pump case to carry liquids to and from the drive shaft seal. One or more radial ridges are disposed on the rearward side of the impeller to encourage liquids to flow within the grooves to and from the drive shaft seal to continuously wash away precipitates around the seal and to cool the seal.

Abstract: A combination for automatically adding chemicals to a water recreational apparatus, such as a spa, hot tub, swimming pool or recirculating bath tub, includes a chemical repository and one or more take off conduits for connecting the chemical repository to the water recirculation system of the water recreational apparatus. A motor operated control valve is controlled by a controller to meter the flow of chemicals into the take off conduit.

Abstract: A centrifugal pump has a pump case and a rotatable impeller disposed within the pump case. A central aperture is defined within the rearward wall of the pump case to facilitate the connection of an impeller drive shaft to the impeller. A drive shaft seal is disposed within the central aperture to seal the impeller drive shaft to the pump case. At least one or more grooves are defined in the rearward wall of the pump case to carry liquids to and from the drive shaft seal. One or more radial ridges are disposed on the rearward side of the impeller to encourage liquids to flow within the grooves to and from the drive shaft seal to continuously wash away precipitates around the seal and to cool the seal.

Abstract: A rotating spa jet has a body and a nozzle. The body has an upstream end, a downstream end and a flow path defined between the upstream end and the downstream end. The nozzle is disposed within the flow path proximate to the downstream end of the body. The nozzle is rotatable about a pin and is not supported in any way by ball bearings.

Abstract: A water recreational apparatus, such as a portable spa, hot tub, above ground pool, a recirculating bath tub has a water recirculation system wherein water from the basin of the apparatus is recycled through a pump in water jets disposed in the side walls of the basin. At least one water input valve for controlling the flow of water into one or more of the water jets is controllable by a remote controllable motor. A control panel for controlling the remote controllable motor is disposed proximate to at least one of the seat locations within the water basin.

Abstract: A variable speed electrical motor has windings and a rotor disposed within a motor housing. The motor is capable of operating at one of a plurality of discrete operating speeds. The electrical circuitry for each speed includes both a start winding for only that speed and a start capacitor for only that speed. In an optional embodiment, a switch for varying the speed of the rotor is disposed at a location external of the motor housing. The variable speed electric motor is ideal for use in a water recreational combination, such as a spa, hot tub or recirculating bath tub.

Abstract: A water recreational apparatus has a water basin combination, a cover for covering the water basin combination and a cover removal combination. The cover removal combination includes a cover attachment arm which is rotatably attached to the exterior of the water basin combination. The cover attachment arm is adapted so that the rotation of the cover attachment arm about its attachment axes to the water basin combination alternatively moves the cover between a closed position and an open position. Drive means, such as electric motors, are provided for powering the cover attachment arm about its attachment axes so as to open and close the cover.

Abstract: A water recreational apparatus has a water basin, a pump, a filter and a filter opening. The water basin has side walls and a bottom wall. The water recreational apparatus further includes one or more downwardly directed sweep jets disposed within the water basin proximate to the side walls. The sweep jets are disposed above the bottom wall by a distance of less than 10 inches. The sweep jets are in fluid tight communication with the discharge side of the pump so that water can be pumped through the sweep jets to roil water at the bottom of the water basin. By roiling the water at the bottom of the water basin, debris which tends to collect along the bottom of the water basin is moved upward within the water basin to where it can be removed via the filter opening and the filter.

Abstract: A water recreational apparatus, such as a portable spa, hot tub, above ground pool, a recirculating bath tub has a water recirculation system wherein water from the basin of the apparatus is recycled through a pump in water jets disposed in the side walls of the basin. At least one water input valve for controlling the flow of water into one or more of the water jets is controllable by a remote controllable motor. A control panel for controlling the remote controllable motor is disposed proximate to at least one of the seat locations within the water basin.