Abstract: A boiler construction includes a boiler pressure body having a bottom and a roof at a height H from the bottom and at least four planar watertube walls forming a polygonal horizontal cross section with at least four corner sections, and a rigid support steel structure, the boiler pressure body being supported to the rigid support steel structure at a height between the bottom and roof. A vertical corner column is attached exteriorly to at least four of the at least four corner sections at a height region between the bottom and roof, and the supporting of the boiler pressure body is provided by supporting each of the vertical corner columns to the rigid support steel structure at a height from 0.1 H to 0.9 H from the bottom so as to balance vertical loads of the boiler pressure body.

Abstract: A boiler system includes a support construction and a furnace supported to the support construction at a vertically middle section of the furnace, the furnace being enclosed by water tube walls having two side walls and two end walls, a roof and a bottom, the side walls having a total height (H) from the bottom to the roof. Each of the two side walls has a vertical upper portion that extends from the roof to a level of thirty to seventy percent of the height (H), a lower portion that extends from the bottom to a level of thirty to seventy percent of the height (H) and has a vertical upper portion, and an in downward direction outwards bent intermediate portion at a level between the upper portion of the side wall and the vertical upper portion of the lower portion of the side wall.

Abstract: A boiler construction includes a boiler pressure body having a bottom and a roof at a height H from the bottom and at least four planar watertube walls forming a polygonal horizontal cross section with at least four corner sections, and a rigid support steel structure, the boiler pressure body being supported to the rigid support steel structure at a height between the bottom and roof. A vertical corner column is attached exteriorly to at least four of the at least four corner sections at a height region between the bottom and roof, and the supporting of the boiler pressure body is provided by supporting each of the vertical corner columns to the rigid support steel structure at a height from 0.1 H to 0.9 H from the bottom so as to balance vertical loads of the boiler pressure body.

Abstract: A boiler system includes a support construction and a furnace supported to the support construction at a vertically middle section of the furnace, the furnace being enclosed by water tube walls having two side walls and two end walls, a roof and a bottom, the side walls having a total height (H) from the bottom to the roof. Each of the two side walls has a vertical upper portion that extends from the roof to a level of thirty to seventy percent of the height (H), a lower portion that extends from the bottom to a level of thirty to seventy percent of the height (H) and has a vertical upper portion, and an in downward direction outwards bent intermediate portion at a level between the upper portion of the side wall and the vertical upper portion of the lower portion of the side wall.

Abstract: A particle separator module and a heat exchange chamber module connectable to a circulating fluidized bed boiler. The particle separator module includes 2N vertically aligned steam tubes, N being an integer greater than one. Each of the vertically aligned steam tubes is attached to a boiler upper portion and extends downwards to a predetermined level. Each of the 2N vertically aligned steam tubes is attached to one of N first beams. Each of the N first beams is suspended to hang in a horizontal position at the predetermined level by two adjacent steam tubes of the 2N vertically aligned steam tubes. N second beams are attached in a horizontal position to the top surface of the heat exchange chamber module, which is arranged to be suspended from the particle separator module by having each of the N second beams suspended by two adjacent beams of the N first beams.

Abstract: A circulating fluidized bed boiler includes a rectangular furnace, which is horizontally enclosed by sidewalls, for combusting fuel and combustion gas and generating a stream of flue gas and particles. The sidewalls include first and second short sidewalls and first and second long sidewalls. Multiple particle separators are arranged on the side of each of the first and second long sidewalls for separating particles from the stream of flue gas and particles discharged from the furnace. Each of the particle separators includes a vertical gas outlet tube for discharging cleaned flue gas from the particle separator. A back pass arranged on the side of the second short sidewall of the furnace is horizontally enclosed by back pass walls. A horizontally extending cross over duct system is directly connected to the vertical gas outlet tubes of the particle separators for conducting the cleaned flue gas to the back pass.

Abstract: A tubular waterwall structure in a fluidized bed reaction chamber includes horizontally adjacent first and second portions forming a corner structure and constituted by vertical tubes and fins centrally attached to the tubes and having a first width. The first wall portion has an outermost tube next to the corner, an upper portion defining an upper vertical plane in an upper level range and a lower portion defining a lower (outwards) vertical plane in a lower level range. The lower portion has a refractory lining. The second wall portion is vertical and has an outermost tube next to the corner. The outermost tube of the second wall portion is in the lower level region connected to the outermost tube of the first wall portion by a planar lower beveled corner fin having a refractory lining and a width that is larger than the first width.

Abstract: A circulating fluidized bed boiler includes a rectangular furnace, which is horizontally enclosed by sidewalls, for combusting fuel and combustion gas and generating a stream of flue gas and particles. The sidewalls include first and second short sidewalls and first and second long sidewalls. Multiple particle separators are arranged on the side of each of the first and second long sidewalls for separating particles from the stream of flue gas and particles discharged from the furnace. Each of the particle separators includes a vertical gas outlet tube for discharging cleaned flue gas from the particle separator. A back pass arranged on the side of the second short sidewall of the furnace is horizontally enclosed by back pass walls. A horizontally extending cross over duct system is directly connected to the vertical gas outlet tubes of the particle separators for conducting the cleaned flue gas to the back pass.

Abstract: A fluidized bed boiler with a support construction for a particle separator. The fluidized bed boiler includes a bottom-supported furnace in which at least one particle separator with a support construction is in gas flow connection with an upper portion of the furnace and includes a furnace side portion, an outer portion opposite to the furnace side portion, and a conical lower portion. At least two bottom-supported downcomer pipes are in fluid connection with a steam drum and adjacent to the outer portion of the particle separator. The support construction includes a frame-like supporting member surrounding at least a portion of the conical lower portion, and an outboard portion of the supporting member is attached to the at least two downcomer pipes to support the at last one particle separator.

Abstract: A particle separator module and a heat exchange chamber module connectable to a circulating fluidized bed boiler. The particle separator module includes 2N vertically aligned steam tubes, N being an integer greater than one. Each of the vertically aligned steam tubes is attached to a boiler upper portion and extends downwards to a predetermined level. Each of the 2N vertically aligned steam tubes is attached to one of N first beams. Each of the N first beams is suspended to hang in a horizontal position at the predetermined level by two adjacent steam tubes of the 2N vertically aligned steam tubes. N second beams are attached in a horizontal position to the top surface of the heat exchange chamber module, which is arranged to be suspended from the particle separator module by having each of the N second beams suspended by two adjacent beams of the N first beams.

Abstract: A particle separator assembly connectable to a fluidized reactor includes a vertical vortex chamber enclosed by water tube panel walls forming a polygonal horizontal cross section and a supporting structure of the water tube panel walls. The polygonal horizontal cross section has at least six corners and the supporting structure has at least one horizontally arranged circular beam arranged outside of the water tube panel walls and attached by radially extending fasteners to at least three of the water tube panel walls. The at least one circular beam forms a full circle, or the at least one circular beam forms a partial circle covering at least seventy-five percent of a full circle and has ends that are firmly attached to a rigid support construction.

Abstract: An expansion joint in a vertical channel suitable for conducting hot particles. The expansion joint includes an upper channel portion including a lower end portion with a lower edge. A lower channel portion is sealingly connected by a flexible element connected on an outer side of the vertical channel. The lower channel portion includes an upper end portion with a horizontally extending upper plane. In a predetermined vertical level range, the upper end portion telescopically overlaps the lower end portion in a spaced relationship, to permit relative axial and lateral movements of the upper channel portion and the lower channel portion, whereby the upper plane is at a higher level than the lower edge. A sealing ring, including mutually connected sealing blocks positioned on an outer circumference of the lower end portion, is arranged on the upper plane.

Abstract: A particle separator assembly connectable to a fluidized reactor includes a vertical vortex chamber enclosed by water tube panel walls forming a polygonal horizontal cross section and a supporting structure of the water tube panel walls. The polygonal horizontal cross section has at least six corners and the supporting structure has at least one horizontally arranged circular beam arranged outside of the water tube panel walls and attached by radially extending fasteners to at least three of the water tube panel walls. The at least one circular beam forms a full circle, or the at least one circular beam forms a partial circle covering at least seventy-five percent of a full circle and has ends that are firmly attached to a rigid support construction.

Abstract: A fluidized bed boiler with a support construction for a particle separator. The fluidized bed boiler includes a bottom-supported furnace in which at least one particle separator with a support construction is in gas flow connection with an upper portion of the furnace and includes a furnace side portion, an outer portion opposite to the furnace side portion, and a conical lower portion. At least two bottom-supported downcomer pipes are in fluid connection with a steam drum and adjacent to the outer portion of the particle separator. The support construction includes a frame-like supporting member surrounding at least a portion of the conical lower portion, and an outboard portion of the supporting member is attached to the at least two downcomer pipes to support the at last one particle separator.

Abstract: A thermal power boiler includes a furnace having a rear wall. A flue gas channel connected to the furnace includes a vertical back pass arranged on the rear wall side of the furnace. An ash hopper in the lower portion of the back pass has (i) a front wall, (ii) a rear wall, and (iii) two sidewalls. A pre-heater preheats combustion air and is provided with an inlet channel for flue gas connected to the preheater. The inlet channel has vertical portions, with an upper portion being attached to the lower portion of the back pass near the ash hopper. The inlet channel includes two adjacent channel portions connected to opposite sides of the back pass. One of the two portions is directly connected to the front wall of the ash hopper, and the other is directly connected to the rear wall of the ash hopper.

Abstract: A thermal power boiler includes a furnace enclosed by two short side walls and two long side walls, flue gas channels arranged above the furnace, a back pass and a supporting structure. The supporting structure includes a stationary bearing structure supported from below. The bearing structure includes multiple vertical pillars and a parallel main supporting beams supported by the vertical pillars, and a suspension structure, so that the furnace hangs from the bearing structure. The main supporting beams and the flue gas channels arranged above the furnace are parallel with each other and parallel with the short side walls. The main supporting beams are preferably arranged at least partially between the flue gas channels extending over the roof of the furnace.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor arrangement includes a bottom portion and a roof portion. A reaction chamber is defined by at least one side wall extending between the bottom portion and the roof portion. The at least one side wall includes a vertically extending portion having a lower end and a lower portion, which lower portion is inclined in such a manner that a cross section of the reaction chamber decreases towards the bottom portion. A heat exchange chamber, outside of the reaction chamber, is at the lower portion of the at least one side wall. The lower portion of the at least one side wall forms a partition wall between the heat exchange chamber and the reaction chamber. The heat exchange chamber extends from the partition wall to a rear wall of the heat exchange chamber.

Abstract: An evaporator surface structure of a circulating fluidized bed boiler having a furnace that is enclosed by sidewalls and has a bottom and a ceiling. The evaporator surface structure includes at least one vertical and separate evaporator surface unit that is spaced apart from the sidewalls of the furnace. The at least one evaporator surface unit (i) is formed of planar water tube panels that extend from the bottom of the furnace to the ceiling of the furnace, and (ii) consists of two cross-wise joined vertical water tube panels.

Abstract: A circulating fluidized bed boiler includes a rectangular furnace having multiple particle separators connected to an upper portion of each of a front wall and a back wall of the furnace. Each particle separator includes a gas outlet, and a flue gas duct system connected to the gas outlets for conducting cleaned flue gas to a back pass. The particle separators are arranged in pairs. Each pair includes a front separator arranged adjacent to the front wall and a back separator arranged adjacent to the back wall. The flue gas duct system includes cross over ducts, each duct connecting the gas outlet of a front separator of a pair of particle separators, across and over the furnace, to the gas outlet of the back separator of the same pair of particle separators, and to the back pass, which back pass is arranged on the back wall side of the furnace.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor includes a bottom portion, a roof portion, and side walls vertically extending between the bottom portion and the roof portion, forming a reaction chamber of the reactor. At least one side wall of the reaction chamber forms at least one vertical indentation in the reaction chamber, which indentation extends from the plane of the at least one side wall towards the reaction chamber. The indentation extending from the plane of the at least one side wall towards the reaction chamber is formed of a portion of the at least one side wall, protruding from the plane of the at least one side wall towards the reaction chamber, and the portion of the at least one side wall includes at least two substantially vertical indenting wall portions deviating from the plane of the at least one side wall at vertical lines within a distance from each other.