Abstract: The present invention relates to a perfusion loop assembly for an ex vivo liver perfusion including: a pump for providing a fluid flow of a perfusion fluid through a first branch line and a second branch line; the first branch line being configured to provide a first portion of the perfusion fluid to the hepatic artery of the liver; the first branch line being coupled with a first gas exchanger, the second branch line being configured to provide a second portion of the perfusion fluid to the portal vein of the liver; the second branch line further including a first valve for controlling the flow of the perfusion fluid into the portal vein of the liver, a liver chamber assembly configured to hold the liver ex vivo, a liver outlet line attached to the vena cava of the ex vivo liver, at least one reservoir connected to the liver outlet and upstream from the pump.

Abstract: It is provided a method for evaluating damage of an organ tissue, in particular ischemic damage/injury of an organ tissue. The method includes the steps of measuring the concentration of at least one marker molecule in the perfusate of the organ tissue, where the measured concentration of the at least one marker molecule in the perfusate is used in at least one computer based prediction algorithm for generating at least one success score. The success score has been previously defined based on at least one parameter value of at least one pre-defined parameter. The at least one parameter value is determined after a transplantation of the organ tissue; and wherein based on the at least one success score at least one signal and/or at least one set of data is generated for facilitating the decision, if the organ tissue is suitable for transplantation or not.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for treatment of material transported through the device having a specific design.

Abstract: A perfusion loop assembly for ex vivo liver perfusion includes a pump providing perfusion fluid through a line branching at a branching point into a first branch line and a second branch line. The first branch line provides a first portion of the perfusion fluid to the hepatic artery of the liver, the first branch line coupled with a gas exchanger, where the first branch line includes a flow rate sensor and/or a pressure sensor. The second branch line provides a second portion of the perfusion fluid to the portal vein of the liver; the second branch line includes a valve for controlling flow of perfusion fluid into the portal vein. The second branch line includes a flow rate sensor and/or a pressure sensor. A liver chamber assembly holds the liver ex vivo, and an outlet line for the perfusion fluid connects the liver chamber assembly and the pump.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a perfusion loop assembly for an ex vivo liver perfusion including: a pump for providing a fluid flow of a perfusion fluid through a first branch line and a second branch line; the first branch line being configured to provide a first portion of the perfusion fluid to the hepatic artery of the liver; the first branch line being coupled with a first gas exchanger, the second branch line being configured to provide a second portion of the perfusion fluid to the portal vein of the liver; the second branch line further including a first valve for controlling the flow of the perfusion fluid into the portal vein of the liver, a liver chamber assembly configured to hold the liver ex vivo, a liver outlet line attached to the vena cava of the ex vivo liver, at least one reservoir connected to the liver outlet and upstream from the pump.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for treatment of material transported through the device having a specific design.

Abstract: A method for using at least one compound as a scavenger, in particular as a scavenger in the hydrolytic treatment of lignocellulosic biomass is provided. The compound includes at least one aromatic ring substituted with at least two moieties each having a free electron pair, wherein the at least two moieties are arranged in meta-position to each other, and at least two alkyl or alkenyl moieties.

Abstract: A method for using at least one compound as a scavenger, in particular as a scavenger in the hydrolytic treatment of lignocellulosic biomass is provided. The compound includes at least one aromatic ring substituted with at least two moieties each having a free electron pair, wherein the at least two moieties are arranged in meta-position to each other, and at least two alkyl or alkenyl moieties.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a process for the production of a cellulosic feedstock for enzymatic hydrolysis and/or a lignin fraction for chemicals production, characterized in that a) the raw material is lignocellulosic biomass b) the biomass is treated in hot water c) at least one carbonium ion scavenger is present in the treatment.

Abstract: A method and a device to thermally fragment rock for excavation of vertical and directional boreholes in rock formations, preferentially hard rock, using highly exothermic reactions. Exothermic reactions are initiated directly in the pressurized, aqueous environment of a water-based drilling fluid preferably above the critical pressure of water (221 bar). After reaction onset temperatures within the reaction zone exceed the critical temperature for water (374° C.) providing supercritical conditions, which favor the stabilization of the reaction, e.g. a supercritical hydrothermal flame. Since reactions can be run directly in a water-based drilling fluid, the method proposed here allows high density drilling action as in conventional rotary drilling. A part from the hot reaction zone of the proposed reaction can be brought directly to the rock surface in case of hard polycrystalline rock, where high temperatures are required.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for treatment of material transported through the device comprising at least one porous element consisting of solid, for example metallic, structure which allows cross-flow of the material through the porous element. A device in accordance with the invention is particularly useful as mixer or heat exchanger or to carry out chemical reactions under homogenous and heterogeneous conditions. Such a device hereinafter also referred as reactor may comprises a tube (1) having a cylindrical wall (2) with one inlet end (3) and one outlet end (4). Arranged in the tube (1) is at least one cylindrical porous element (5) consisting of solid metal structure, wherein said porous element (5) comprises a plurality of hollow spaces that are connected to each other and form an interconnected cavity network and wherein the at least one porous element (5) and the cylindrical wall (2) are made in one piece. The porosity ? of the at least one porous element (5) is between 0.8 and 0.95.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a process for the production of a cellulosic feedstock for enzymatic hydrolysis and/or a lignin fraction for chemicals production, characterized in that a) the raw material is lignocellulosic biomass b) the biomass is treated in hot water c) at least one carbonium ion scavenger is present in the treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the remote plasma surface treatment of substrate particles at atmospheric pressure. The invention is motivated by the urge to overcome major drawbacks of particle treatment in low pressure plasmas and in-situ particle treatment at atmospheric pressure. The former requires complex and mostly expensive vacuum installations and vacuum locks usually prohibiting continuous processing. Independent of the system pressure, in-situ plasma treatment causes particle charging and therefore undesirable interaction with the electric field of the discharge, which is seen to contribute to the process of reactor clogging. Additionally, the filamentary discharges modes of atmospheric pressure plasmas are inflicted with inhomogeneous surface treatment. Furthermore, short radical lifetimes at elevated pressures complicate a remote plasma treatment approach as widely used in low pressure applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for treatment of material transported through the device comprising at least one porous element consisting of solid, for example metallic, structure which allows cross-flow of the material through the porous element. A device in accordance with the invention is particularly useful as mixer or heat exchanger or to carry out chemical reactions under homogenous and heterogeneous conditions. Such a device hereinafter also referred as reactor may comprises a tube (1) having a cylindrical wall (2) with one inlet end (3) and one outlet end (4). Arranged in the tube (1) is at least one cylindrical porous element (5) consisting of solid metal structure, wherein said porous element (5) comprises a plurality of hollow spaces that are connected to each other and form an interconnected cavity network and wherein the at least one porous element (5) and the cylindrical wall (2) are made in one piece. The porosity ? of the at least one porous element (5) is between 0.8 and 0.95.

Abstract: A method for producing chemically modified lignin decomposition products. To this end, a lignin-containing starting material is decomposed into low-molecular and high-molecular lignin decomposition products under acid conditions in the presence of a liquid medium, and the low-molecular lignin decomposition products are at least largely separated in order to obtain a high-molecular fraction. Subsequently, the high-molecular lignin decomposition products present in the high-molecular fraction are converted into chemically modified lignin decomposition products. The chemically modified lignin decomposition products obtained in this way can be used, for example, as dispersing agents, complexing agents, phenol component, flocculant, thickener or auxiliary agents for cementous systems, coatings, paints or adhesives.

Abstract: A method and a device to thermally fragment rock for excavation of vertical and directional boreholes in rock formations, preferentially hard rock, using highly exothermic reactions. Exothermic reactions are initiated directly in the pressurized, aqueous environment of a water-based drilling fluid preferably above the critical pressure of water (221 bar). After reaction onset temperatures within the reaction zone exceed the critical temperature for water (374° C.) providing supercritical conditions, which favor the stabilization of the reaction, e.g. a supercritical hydrothermal flame. Since reactions can be run directly in a water-based drilling fluid, the method proposed here allows high density drilling action as in conventional rotary drilling. A part from the hot reaction zone of the proposed reaction can be brought directly to the rock surface in case of hard polycrystalline rock, where high temperatures are required.

Abstract: The invention describes a method for the direct production of molecules with a minimum molecular weight of 78 g/mol by the breakdown of lignin, lignin derivatives, lignin fragments, and/or lignin-containing substances or mixtures in the presence of at least one polyoxometallate and preferably in the presence of a radical scavenger in a liquid medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the remote plasma surface treatment of substrate particles at atmospheric pressure. The invention is motivated by the urge to overcome major drawbacks of particle treatment in low pressure plasmas and in-situ particle treatment at atmospheric pressure. The former requires complex and mostly expensive vacuum installations and vacuum locks usually prohibiting continuous processing. Independent of the system pressure, in-situ plasma treatment causes particle charging and therefore undesirable interaction with the electric field of the discharge, which is seen to contribute to the process of reactor clogging. Additionally, the filamentary discharges modes of atmospheric pressure plasmas are inflicted with inhomogeneous surface treatment. Furthermore, short radical lifetimes at elevated pressures complicate a remote plasma treatment approach as widely used in low pressure applications.

Abstract: The invention describes a method for the direct production of molecules with a minimum molecular weight of 78 g/mol by the breakdown of lignin, lignin derivatives, lignin fragments, and/or lignin-containing substances or mixtures in the presence of at least one polyoxometallate and preferably in the presence of a radical scavenger in a liquid medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to the deposition of nanoparticles from the gas phase of the a thermal plasma of a gas discharge and the subsequent attachment of said nanoparticles to the substrate particles. The invention can be used for increasing the flowability of solid bulk material. Particularly the pharmaceutical industry utilizes numerous intermediate and final products in the form of powders which cause processing problems because of the poor flowability thereof. With fine-grained materials, undesired adhesive effects occur foremost because of Van der Waals'forces. Said effects can be reduced by applying nanoparticles to the surface of the material that is to be treated. The invention is characterized by a combined process in which the nanoparticles are produced and are attached to the substrate surface. Using a non-thermal plasma additionally makes it possible to treat temperature-sensitive materials that are often used in the pharmaceutical industry.