Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a method and a system for training a neural network for improving adversarial robustness. The method includes collecting a plurality of data samples comprising clean data samples and adversarial data samples. The training of the neural network includes training of a probabilistic encoder to encode the plurality of data samples into a probabilistic distribution over a latent space representation. In addition, the training of the neural network comprising training of a classifier to classify an instance of the latent space representation to produce a classification result. In addition, the method includes training shared parameters of a first instance of the neural network using the clean data samples and a second instance of the neural network using the adversarial data samples. Further, the method includes outputting the shared parameters of the first instance of the neural network and the second instance of the neural network.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a method and a system for training a neural network for generating universal adversarial perturbations. The method includes collecting a plurality of data samples. Each of the plurality of data samples is identified by a label from a finite set of labels. The method includes training a probabilistic neural network for transforming the plurality of data samples into a corresponding plurality of perturbed data samples having a bounded probability of deviation from the plurality of data samples by maximizing a conditional entropy of the finite set of labels of the plurality of data samples conditioned on the plurality of perturbed data samples. The conditional entropy is unknown. The probabilistic neural network is trained based on an iterative estimation of a gradient of the unknown conditional entropy of labels. The method further includes generating the universal adversarial perturbations based on the trained probabilistic neural network.

Abstract: A linguistic system for transcribing an input, where the linguistic system comprises a processor configured to execute a neural network multiple times while varying weights of at least some nodes of the neural network to produce multiple transcriptions of the input. Further, determine a distribution of pairwise distances of the multiple transcriptions; determine a legitimacy of the input based on the distribution; and transcribe the input using stored weights of the nodes of the neural network when the input is determined as legitimate to produce a final transcription of the input.

Abstract: A linguistic system for transcribing an input, where the linguistic system comprises a processor configured to execute a neural network multiple times while varying weights of at least some nodes of the neural network to produce multiple transcriptions of the input. Further, determine a distribution of pairwise distances of the multiple transcriptions; determine a legitimacy of the input based on the distribution; and transcribe the input using stored weights of the nodes of the neural network when the input is determined as legitimate to produce a final transcription of the input.

Abstract: Methods and systems for echo modulation are described. In one embodiment, intensities of a plurality of values in multiple windows of an audio signal may be obtained. The windows may be subject to a periodic boundary condition. A plurality of echo values may be calculated for each of the respective windows. The audio signal may be altered in one or more of the windows using a windowing function and echo values. Additional methods and systems are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and systems for echo modulation are described. In one embodiment, intensities of a plurality of values in multiple windows of an audio signal may be obtained. The windows may be subject to a periodic boundary condition. A plurality of echo values may be calculated for each of the respective windows. The audio signal may be altered in one or more of the windows using a windowing function and echo values. Additional methods and systems are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and systems for echo modulation are described. In one embodiment, intensities of a plurality of values in multiple windows of an audio signal may be obtained. The windows may be subject to a periodic boundary condition. A plurality of echo values may be calculated for each of the respective windows. The audio signal may be altered in one or more of the windows using a windowing function and echo values. Additional methods and systems are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a bone fixing device (1) for immobilizing a linking rod (2) designed to connect at least one bone fragment (3) to another, said device comprising: at least one anchoring means (4) designed to be fixed on or in said bone fragment (3); at least one receiving part (7), secured to said anchoring means (4), designed to receive at least part of said linking rod (2); locking means (8) designed to lock said part of the linking rod (2) within said receiving part (7). The invention is characterized in that said locking means comprise at least one solid element (8) having a longitudinal axis, said solid element including at least one inclined surface (9) capable, under the action of a thrust directed along the longitudinal axis of said solid element, of gradually wedging by friction said part of the linking rod (2) into said receiving part (7), until said part of the linking rod (2) is completely locked inside said receiving part (7).

Abstract: The invention relates to a system which is used to replace ball bone joints. The inventive system consists of: a bone anchoring shell (1) comprising a smooth articular surface (7) on the inner concave face thereof; a prosthesis (5) comprising a polished ball (4) and a neck (6) which is characterised in that it is smooth and slightly flared, in order to enable a wear-free low friction movement; and a mobile articular cup (3) which slides (i) on the ball (4) and the neck (6) of a prosthesis (5) and (ii) in the smooth cavity (7) of the bone anchoring shell (1) and which is characterised in that the opening (8) in said cup (3) tapers towards the center thereof, with an inside diameter (9) of equal to or less than that of the ball (4), such that the flared part adapts perfectly to the flared neck (6) in all of the respective positions of the mobile parts.

Abstract: Methods and systems for echo modulation are described. In one embodiment, intensities of a plurality of values in multiple windows of an audio signal may be obtained. The windows may be subject to a periodic boundary condition. A plurality of echo values may be calculated for each of the respective windows. The audio signal may be altered in one or more of the windows using a windowing function and echo values. Additional methods and systems are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a bone fixing device (1) for immobilizing a linking rod (2) designed to connect at least one bone fragment (3) to another, said device comprising: at least one anchoring means (4) designed to be fixed on or in said bone fragment (3); at least one receiving part (7), secured to said anchoring means (4), designed to receive at least part of said linking rod (2); locking means (8) designed to lock said part of the linking rod (2) within said receiving part (7). The invention is characterized in that said locking means comprise at least one solid element (8) having a longitudinal axis, said solid element including at least one inclined surface (9) capable, under the action of a thrust directed along the longitudinal axis of said solid element, of gradually wedging by friction said part of the linking rod (2) into said receiving part (7), until said part of the linking rod (2) is completely locked inside said receiving part (7).

Abstract: A method for determining antigen content in a region of interest of a sample is disclosed. The method includes a sequential immunomarking resulting in two chromogenic signals, which are respectively provided by a labile and a stabile chromogenic product. The method further involves acquisition, analysis and evaluation of digital images from such signals. A kit for determining antigen content in a region of interest of a sample is also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for informing the operator of a tunnelling machine on physical features of a ground to be tunnelled consisting in placing one or several sensors (1-4) directly on each cutter wheel of a drill head, wherein said sensors are selected such that they are capable of transmitting representative signals of the cutter wheel penetrating force into the ground, a rotating state, the position and the temperature of the cutter wheel and in transmitting said information to the operator of the tunnelling machine. Said invention is particularly suitable for detecting hard rocks during digging an excavation by means of a tunnelling machine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system which is used to replace ball bone joints. The inventive system consists of: a bone anchoring shell (1) comprising a smooth articular surface (7) on the inner concave face thereof; a prosthesis (5) comprising a polished ball (4) and a neck (6) which is characterised in that it is smooth and slightly flared, in order to enable a wear-free low friction movement; and a mobile articular cup (3) which slides (i) on the ball (4) and the neck (6) of a prosthesis (5) and (ii) in the smooth cavity (7) of the bone anchoring shell (1) and which is characterised in that the opening (8) in said cup (3) tapers towards the centre thereof, with an inside diameter (9) of equal to or less than that of the ball (4), such that the flared part adapts perfectly to the flared neck (6) in all of the respective positions of the mobile parts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of determining the resistivity of a geological formation through which a metal-cased borehole passes, by means of at least three electrodes in contact with the casing and spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the borehole. In order to eliminate the effect of any differences between the two sections of casing delimited by the electrodes, a circuit connected to the electrodes and forming a Wheatstone bridge is balanced, with said sections of casing constituting two of the resistances in said Wheatstone bridge circuit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for measuring motion signals of gyroscopes in downhole instruments used to determine the heading of a borehole. An illustrative embodiment of the invention includes a measuring-while-drilling system which may experience motion even while the drill string is suspended in rotary table slips when the heading of the drill string is being determined. Accelerometer and magnetometer data along three orthogonal axes of a measurement sub are used to obtain unit gravitational vectors g at a first time and at a second time and unit magnetic vectors h at the first time and the second time. The difference between the two unit gravitational vectors at the different times, .DELTA.g, and the difference between the two unit magnetic vectors at the different times, .DELTA.h, are used along with the unit vectors g and h and the difference in time .DELTA.t to determine the rotation vector of the probe .OMEGA..sup.p which has occurred during such time difference.

Abstract: The spectrum analysis arrangement according to the invention covers a filtering and coupling network comprising a setr of narrow pass band filters, with neighboring center frequencies in steps, whose outputs are coupled one to another through delay devices enabling a resultant signal to be obtained which, at each instant, is the sum of the responses of each filter to the same frequency received at different instants by the analysis receiver fitted with a linearly wobulated oscillator. Application to automatic interception stations in order to obtain precise data quickly on the characteristics of transmission spectra to be identified.

Abstract: An insulation displacement connector comprises an insulative material body in which is a generally tubular metal contact member. This includes two at least part-cylindrical shell members of which one is a floating shell member and extends circumferentially cantilever fashion from a root generatrix. It is elastically deformable in the radial direction relative to this root generatrix. Respective inner and outer lips on the shell member define a slit extending around at least part of the circumference of the contact member. A barrel member rotatable about an axis of the connector forces an electrical conductor into the slit. At least in an unstressed condition of the connector, there is peripheral clearance between the floating shell member and the insulative material body.

Abstract: The apparatus includes a body member lowered within drill pipes and having an upper part (26) and a lower part (27) arranged for limited movements with respect to each other. Each part of the body member is anchored inside the drill pipes and the movements between said parts are detected when stresses are applied to the drill pipes from the surface.A first radial-coil transformer has a primary winding (35) integral with a part of the body member and a secondary winding (36,37) integral with the other part to detect the angular movements. A second axial-coil transformer has a primary winding (40) integral with a part of the body member and a secondary winding (41,42) integral with the other part to detect the longitudinal movements. The signals delivered by the transformers are linear functions of the respective movements.

Abstract: Downhole cable tension measuring apparatus according to the invention is connected between a cable and well-logging apparatus suspended from the cable in a borehole. A rod is placed between the cable and the well-logging apparatus so as to elongate elastically under the effect of cable tension. A sleeve, fixed at one end of the rod, surrounds the rod. A transformer, the primary of which is wound on the rod, the secondary of which is wound on the sleeve, detects the relative longitudinal displacement of the other end of the rod with respect to the sleeve. Two primary windings displaced on the rod are alternately excited to generate two signals in the secondary coil in order to correct temperature drifts of the circuits. The rod and sleeve are made of the same metal so that each of them will elongate similarly as a function of temperature. The apparatus is placed in a pressure-balanced oil-filled chamber.