Abstract: Inexpensive semiconductors are produced by depositing a single crystal or large grained silicon on an inexpensive substrate. These semiconductors are produced at low enough temperatures such as temperatures below the melting point of glass.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the enhancement of critical current densities in cuprate superconductors. Such enhancement of critical current densities include using wave function symmetry and restricting movement of Abrikosov (A) vortices, Josephson (J) vortices, or Abrikosov-Josephson (A-J) vortices by using the half integer vortices associated with d-wave symmetry present in the grain boundary.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for making semiconductor films from a eutectic alloy comprising a metal and a semiconductor. Through heterogeneous nucleation said film is deposited at a deposition temperature on relatively inexpensive buffered substrates, such as glass. Specifically said film is vapor deposited at a fixed temperature in said deposition temperature where said deposition temperature is above a eutectic temperature of said eutectic alloy and below a temperature at which the substrate softens. Such films could have widespread application in photovoltaic and display technologies.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for making semiconductor films from a eutectic alloy comprising a metal and a semiconductor. Through heterogeneous nucleation said film is deposited at a deposition temperature on relatively inexpensive buffered substrates, such as glass. Specifically said film is vapor deposited at a fixed temperature in said deposition temperature where said deposition temperature is above a eutectic temperature of said eutectic alloy and below a temperature at which the substrate softens. Such films could have widespread application in photovoltaic and display technologies.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method of preparing a dry deposited liquid-crystal alignment layer using one of a mechanical mask, photo-resist, UV treatment, and ridge and fringe field methods. The present invention further provides a multi-domain, wide viewing angle liquid-crystal display, comprising: a bottom substrate; a first transparent conductive layer; a top substrate; a color filter layer; a second transparent conductive layer; a first dry deposited liquid-crystal alignment layer; a second dry deposited liquid-crystal alignment layer, the second dry deposited liquid-crystal alignment layer being spaced adjacent to and facing the first dry deposited liquid-crystal alignment layer; spacers; and a liquid-crystal material.

Abstract: A molecular manipulator includes a light-sensitive molecule, including a double bond, which changes a cis-trans configuration of the double bond in response to illumination by light of a selected wavelength, and a probe, for example, a probe of a scanned-proximity probe microscope, to which the light-sensitive molecule is attached. A method of making the molecular manipulator includes covalently bonding the light-sensitive molecule to the probe. A method of moving a nanostructure includes controllably grasping, moving, and releasing the nanostructure with the molecular manipulator.

Abstract: A molecular manipulator includes a light-sensitive molecule, including a double bond, which changes a cis-trans configuration of the double bond in response to illumination by light of a selected wavelength, and a probe, for example, a probe of a scanned-proximity probe microscope, to which the light-sensitive molecule is attached. A method of making the molecular manipulator includes covalently bonding the light-sensitive molecule to the probe. A method of moving a nanostructure includes controllably grasping, moving, and releasing the nanostructure with the molecular manipulator.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for making semiconductor films from a eutectic alloy comprising a metal and a semiconductor, which are vapor deposited at a fixed temperature on relatively inexpensive buffered substrates, such as glass. Such films could have widespread application in photovoltaic and display technologies.

Abstract: A method of assembling a circuit includes providing a template, enabling a semiconductor material to self assemble on the template, and enabling self-assembly of a connection between the semiconductor material and the template to form the circuit and a circuit created by self-assembly.

Abstract: The present invention provides a substrate having thereon a patterned small molecule organic semiconductor layer. The present invention also provides a method and a system for producing a substrate having thereon a patterned small molecule organic semiconductor layer. The substrate having thereon a patterned small molecule organic semiconductor layer is produced by exposing a donor substrate having thereon a small molecule organic semiconductor layer to energy to cause the thermal transfer of a small organic molecule onto an acceptor substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a substrate having thereon a patterned small molecule organic semiconductor layer. The present invention also provides a method and a system for producing a substrate having thereon a patterned small molecule organic semiconductor layer. The substrate having thereon a patterned small molecule organic semiconductor layer is produced by exposing a donor substrate having thereon a small molecule organic semiconductor layer to energy to cause the thermal transfer of a small organic molecule onto an acceptor substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes an alignment layer with constituent materials. The constituent materials have a stoichiometric relationship configured to provide a given pretilt angle. Liquid crystal material is provided in contact with the alignment layer. A method for forming an alignment layer for liquid crystal displays includes forming the alignment layer on a substrate by introducing an amount of material to adjust a stoichiometric ratio of constituent materials wherein the amount is determined to provide a given pretilt angle to the alignment layer. Ions are directed at the alignment layer to provide uniformity of the pretilt angle.

Abstract: The present invention provides a substrate having thereon a patterned small molecule organic semiconductor layer. The present invention also provides a method and a system for the production of the substrate having thereon a patterned small molecule organic semiconductor layer. The substrate with the patterned small molecule organic semiconductor layer is prepared by exposing a region of a substrate having thereon a film of a precursor of a small organic molecule to energy from an energy source to convert the film of a precursor of a small organic molecule to a patterned small molecule organic semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A method for preparing an alignment layer surface provides a surface on the alignment layer. The surface is bombarded with ions, and reactive gas is introduced to the ion beam to saturate dangling bonds on the surface. Another method for preparing an alignment layer surface provides a surface on the alignment layer. The surface is bombarded with ions and quenched with a reactive component to saturate dangling bonds on the surface.

Abstract: An apparatus for depositing and aligning an amorphous film in a single step, a method of forming an aligned film on a substrate in a single step by combining the deposition and alignment of an alignment layer into a single-step using ion beam processing and an amorphous film having an aligned atomic structure prepared by a method in which an aligned film is deposited and aligned in a single step are provided. The film is deposited and aligned in a single step by bombarding a substrate with an ion beam at a designated incident angle to simultaneously (a) deposit the film onto the substrate and (b) arrange an atomic structure of the film in at least one predetermined aligned direction.

Abstract: A method of assembling a circuit includes providing a template, enabling a semiconductor material to self assemble on the template, and enabling self-assembly of a connection between the semiconductor material and the template to form the circuit and a circuit created by self-assembly.

Abstract: Multi-domain liquid crystal cells having twist angles less than 90 degrees, and LCDs containing such liquid crystal cells, are provided. Such liquid crystal cells are stable, particularly at zero and high fields, and provide wide viewing angles. Also provided are methods of using an adjustable particle beam in combination with a mask to generate multi-domains alignments. Such methods are useful for producing liquid crystal cells in general, and for producing the novel multi-domain low twist angle liquid crystal cells of the present invention in particular.

Abstract: The present invention provides a substrate having thereon a patterned small molecule organic semiconductor layer. The present invention also provides a method and a system for producing a substrate having thereon a patterned small molecule organic semiconductor layer. The substrate having thereon a patterned small molecule organic semiconductor layer is produced by exposing a donor substrate having thereon a small molecule organic semiconductor layer to energy to cause the thermal transfer of a small organic molecule onto an acceptor substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a substrate having thereon a patterned small molecule organic semiconductor layer. The present invention also provides a method and a system for producing a substrate having thereon a patterned small molecule organic semiconductor layer. The substrate having thereon a patterned small molecule organic semiconductor layer is produced by exposing a donor substrate having thereon a small molecule organic semiconductor layer to energy to cause the thermal transfer of a small organic molecule onto an acceptor substrate.

Abstract: Multi-domain liquid crystal cells having twist angles less than 90 degrees, and LCDs containing such liquid crystal cells, are provided. Such liquid crystal cells are stable, particularly at zero and high fields, and provide wide viewing angles. Also provided are methods of using an adjustable particle beam in combination with a mask to generate multi-domains alignments. Such methods are useful for producing liquid crystal cells in general, and for producing the novel multi-domain low twist angle liquid crystal cells of the present invention in particular.