Abstract: There is provide a method for forming a gate, which can improve the etching uniformity of the sidewalls of the gate, including the following steps: forming a dielectric layer on a semiconductor substrate; forming a polysilicon layer on the dielectric layer; etching the polysilicon layer; performing an isotropic plasma etching process on the etched polysilicon layer by using a mixed gases containing a fluorine-based gas and oxygen gas; and cleaning the semiconductor substrate subjected to the isotropic plasma etching process, thereby forming a gate. there are also provided a method for forming a shallow trench isolation region, which can improve the filling quality of a subsequent spacer and the electrical properties of the resultant shallow trench isolation region by improving the etching uniformity of sidewalls and bottom surface of the shallow trench, and a method for planarizating an etched surface of silicon substrate, which can improve the etching uniformity of the surface of silicon substrate.