Abstract: Benzotrihalides are prepared by pyrolyzing a substituted phenyl trihaloacetate of the formula ##STR1## wherein each X is halo, nitro, alkyloxy, aryloxy, aralkyoxy, cyano, lower alkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkyloxy, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, carbamoyl, N,N-dialkylcarbamoyl, N,N-diarylcarbamoyl, or N,N-diaralkyloxy;Y is halo; andn is an integer of from 1 to 5. As an example, 4-chlorophenyl trichloroacetate is pyrolyzed at 550.degree. C. to 4-chlorobenzotrichloride.

Abstract: The present invention relates to crop culture and is particularly concerned with practices for conserving soil nitrogen and for supplying the soil nitrogen requirements for plant nutrition. These practices involve the employment, as active agent, of a novel butane compound having the formula ##STR1## wherein each Y is independently hydrogen, chloro-, bromo-, fluoro- or methyl; Z is a straight or branched chain alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms; R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or halo and n is an integer from 0 to 2.

Abstract: 2-(Chloromethyl)pyridine is prepared by the reaction of 2-methylpyridine-N-oxide with phosgene (carbonyl chloride) in the presence of a solvent and an acid acceptor.

Abstract: Monochloromethylpyridines are produced by reacting 2- or 4-methylpyridine oxides with phosphoryl chloride in the presence of an organic base. One product, 2-chloromethylpyridine, is formed by reacting 2-picoline-N-oxide with phosphoryl chloride in the presence of triethylamine.

Abstract: Novel 1,4-Dithiinopyrazinetetracarbonitriles are disclosed. Their method of use in the control and kill of bacteria and fungi, and compositions containing the novel compounds as the active ingredients therein are claimed.

Abstract: 1-H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazine-3,4-dihydro-2,2-dioxides are prepared by the reaction of trioxane with N-aryl N'-alkylsulfamides in an organic solvent containing a sulfonic acid at -20.degree. to 80.degree. C.

Abstract: The title compound is prepared in high yield and purity from toluene in a process comprising the steps of:(a) reacting by contacting toluene with sulfur trioxide in an anhydrous chlorinated hydrocarbon medium, to thereby form a solution of toluenesulfonic acid in the chlorinated hydrocarbon medium;(b) reacting by contacting chlorine gas with the product from step (a) in the presence of a catalytic amount of iodine, to thereby form a solution of chlorotoluenesulfonic acid in the chlorinated medium; and(c) reacting by contacting chlorosulfonic acid with the product from step (b), to thereby form a solution of chlorotoluenesulfonyl chloride in the chlorinated medium.As an example, the title compound is obtained in a yield more than 90 percent based on toluene, using 1,2-dichloroethane as the reaction medium.

Abstract: The new compound 1,3-dithiolo(4,5-b)pyrazin-2-ylidene-propanedinitrile 4-oxide is prepared by reacting substantially equimolar proportions of di-(sodiomercapto)methyleneamalononitrile with 2,3-dichloropyrazine 1-oxide. The compound has fungicidal, algicidal and marine antifoulant utility.

Abstract: 2-(Dicyanomethylene)-1,3-dithiolo(4,5-b)pyrazine-5,6-dicarbonitrile is prepared by reacting di(sodiomercapto)methylenemalononitrile with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanopyrazine in dimethylformamide as reaction medium at a temperature between about 25.degree. and about 60.degree. C until reaction is substantially complete. The reaction product has antimicrobial utility.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel (((aryl)thio)methylene)-propanedinitriles which have utility as antimicrobials, herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides.

Abstract: The rate of photochlorination of methyl aromatic compounds, such as toluene, cresol, xylene, toluenesulfonyl chloride, methylnaphthalene, diphenylmethane, etc., is increased when carried out in the presence of bromine.

Abstract: Compounds are prepared corresponding to the formula ##STR1## WHEREIN R represents hydrogen or methylenethiocyanate (--CH.sub.2 SCN) and each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represents loweralkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Those compounds wherein R is methylenethiocyanate have been found to be active antimicrobial agents and those wherein R is hydrogen are useful as intermediates therefor.

Abstract: The new compound 1,3-dithiolo(4,5-b)pyrazin-2-ylidene-propanedinitrile 4-oxide is prepared by reacting substantially equimolar proportions of di-(sodiomercapto)methylenemalononitrile with 2,3-dichloropyrazine 1-oxide. The compound has fungicidal, algicidal and marine antifoulant utility.

Abstract: The new compound 1,3-dithiolo(4,5-b)pyrazin-2-ylidene-propanedinitrile 4-oxide is prepared by reacting substantially equimolar proportions of di-(sodiomercapto)methylenemalononitrile with 2,3-dichloropyrazine 1-oxide. The compound has fungicidal, algicidal and marine antifoulant utility.

Abstract: Compounds are prepared corresponding to the formula ##STR1## WHEREIN R represents hydrogen or methylenethiocyanate (--CH.sub.2 SCN) and each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represents loweralkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Those compounds wherein R is methylenethiocyanate have been found to be active antimicrobial agents and those wherein R is hydrogen are useful as intermediates therefor.

Abstract: The title compound is made by the direct bromination of citraconic anhydride in the vapor phase at 200.degree.-500.degree. C. with a contact time of less than about 20 seconds. The reactants are preferably diluted with an inert solvent, such as a halogenated hydrocarbon and/or a gaseous diluent, such as N.sub.2.

Abstract: Cyclopropylcyanide is prepared by an improved process comprising reacting by contacting a .gamma.-halo-butyronitrile or mixture thereof, with an alkali metal hydroxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of an onium salt. For example, the reaction of 4-chlorobutyronitrile with sodium hydroxide in the presence of benzyltriethylammonium chloride produces cyclopropylcyanide in high yield.

Abstract: New organic compounds, comprising tris(polyhalophenoxy)-s-triazines, e.g., tris-(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-s-triazine. These new compounds have demonstrated utility as fire retardant additives for various polymers.

Abstract: 3,4-Dihalo-2,5-thiophenedicarbonitriles of the formula ##SPC1##Wherein each X independently is chloro or bromo. The compounds have plant fungicidal activity.