Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a highly packed hybrid array. The packing density of the hybrid array is increased by providing a barrier between closely adjoining strip conductors on a substrate. The barrier reduces the occurrence of short circuits between adjacent strip conductors when an adhesive that is used to glue a chip to the substrate is pushed out from under the chip.

Abstract: A rotational bearing arrangement for high speeds of rotation comprises a casing and a shaft mounted therein at a first ball bearing and a second ball bearing. At least the first ball bearing is a radial shoulder ball bearing. The first ball bearing has a first track formed on the shaft and a first outer race and the second ball bearing has a second track formed on the shaft and a second outer race. One coacting track and one outer race in combination form the ways for the balls of each associated ball bearing. The outer races are disposed in hollow substantially cylindrical seats formed by the casing. The first outer race when secured in its assembled state is disposed in a seat which constitutes a sliding seat, the seat dimensions being such that the outer race when introduced into but not secured in the seat can be reciprocated substantially effortlessly in axial direction.

Abstract: The horizontally mounted rotational bearing arrangement for high speeds of rotation is mounted in a casing in two radial rolling bearings. Each radial rolling bearing comprises rolling members guided by an associated cage, and further comprises a groove provided at the shaft and operative as an inner race, as well as an outer race. A respective slinger ring is disposed between each radial rolling bearing and associated cover plate. An impingement surface extends around the associated slinger ring and is in alignment with an operative edge of such slinger ring. This impingement surface is effective for returning lubricant to the rolling members of the associated radial rolling bearing. The cage of each radial rolling bearing is constructed such that by virtue of its movement in operation, the lubricant is conveyed to the rolling members of the associated radial rolling bearing.

Abstract: An auxiliary apparatus for a particle analyzer for measuring the particle count within particle size intervals bounded by shiftable or displaceable thresholds. Infeed lines conduct the signals generated in a feeler to comparators. Other infeed lines conduct the comparison voltages generated by comparison voltage generators to the same comparators, an operating element simultaneously alters the comparison voltages from two comparison voltage generators by the same magnitude and a selector switch connects one of two infeed lines with one of the infeed lines. The inputs of an antivalence or Exclusive-Or discriminator are connected by an infeed line or conductor with a time-delay element and by an infeed line or conductor with one comparator, the output of which discriminator is connected by a line or conductor with a pulse counter.

Abstract: A method of separating signal classes in a stored signal quantum or set of signals correlated to a histogram in that there is looked for the minimum between two neighboring signal classes by mutual comparison of the stored signal values in a partial range of the histogram and there is stored as a separation threshold the characteristic of the thus determined channel characterizing the minimum, so that there can be differently evaluated signal values at different sides of such separation threshold. The invention is preferably used for particle analysis in haematology.

Abstract: A method of reducing scattered light during photometric measurements, especially during the photometric measurement of haemoglobin and a reagent for the performance of the method. To a suspension which is ready for a measurement operation there is admixed an additive which reduces the difference between the refractive index of the suspension and the mean refractive index of the suspended phase. The reagent for the photometric determination of the haemoglobin comprises a lysing agent, means for modifying the refractive index, means for stabilizing the leukocytes and a solvent. The reagent is admixed as an additive to a suspension of blood particles in an isotonic solvent.

Abstract: A centrifuge with variable angle of attack or positioning angle containing pivotable holders for centrifuge tubes or the like which contain a sample. At the centrifuge rotor there are arranged stops for limiting the outward pivoting of the holders. The position of the stops is variable. The stops are preferably assembled together into a ring which is displaceable and fixable in position at the rotor. The stops optionally can also be merely assembled together into groups. The ring can be structured at its lower part so as to have a sawtooth-shape or with steps. By means of a scale there can be indicated the position of the stops. The centrifuge preferably is employed for separating erythrocytes in a blood sample, and generally can be used for separating particles suspended in a liquid.

Abstract: A circuit for testing semiconductor devices, such as diodes, which alternately applies a forward current and a reverse bias voltage. The devices are series connected during the forward current portion of the cycle by means of silicon controlled rectifiers and parallel connected for the reverse bias portion of the cycle.

Abstract: Measuring devices each deliver a measuring value for a property of the measuring liquid. From certain measuring values there are formed auxiliary values. Each auxiliary value is compared with a threshold value in order to produce a recognition signal. The individual recognition signals are grouped together into a recognition-data word. Each preparatory state corresponds to a respective preparatory-data word. The calibrated state corresponds to a calibration-data word. The recognition-data word is compared with the other data words. Upon coincidence thereof, there is produced an appropriate control signal which is delivered to a computer, in order to trigger thereat a computation operation corresponding to the preparatory state or a calibration.For instance, in a diluted blood sample there are measured the erythrocyte concentration, the hemoglobin content and the conductivity and used as auxiliary values.

Abstract: An opto-electrical measuring apparatus for determining the hemoglobin content of an illuminated hemoglobin solution arranged in the path of light between a light source and a photoelectric transducer by evaluating the light absorption of the solution within a predetermined wavelength range. The spectral or spectrum properties of the light source, the transducer and other components arranged in the path of the light emanating from the light source are accommodated or matched to one another such that in the absence of the hemoglobin solution in the path of light an electrical magnitude generated in the photoelectric transducer possesses a spectral dependency which in the wavelength range of 540 to 560 nm constitutes a maximum value and to both sides of such range with a half-value width of at least 60 nm continually decreases to less than 20% of the maximum value at about 500 and 600 nm, respectively, and externally of these band limits asymptotically approaches the value null.