Abstract: A semiconductor image sensor comprises an array of charge collection elements buried within the semiconductor for collecting charge photogenerated in response to the image. This sensor is easily configured to discern changes in an image. One or more charge transfer devices (CTD's) of an array are associated with each column of charge collection elements. For readout, the charge collected by each charge collection element is transferred to an associated storage cell of an array CTD associated with the column in which that charge collection element is disposed.For discernment of moving targets or image changes, a difference between the charge collected by a given charge collection element during a first frame and a second frame is determined.

Abstract: A gauge detecting the presence of a restriction placed upon an air stream passing through a filter in connection with an internal combustion engine, said gauge including a linear indicator to show the relative restriction present in the filter and including an indicator to show that the filter requires cleaning or replacement.