Abstract: A method and apparatus for eliminating or minimizing the non-uniformity of edge vials compared to center vials during freezing or primary drying of product therein in a freeze dryer. A temperature controlled surface is positioned in close proximity to or in contact with the edge vials to control the temperature thereof. The method and apparatus may be used to simulate in a development freeze dryer the conditions of the center and edge vials in a larger batch target freeze dryer.

Abstract: A method of monitoring and controlling a freeze drying process in a freeze drying apparatus having walls, shelves and a number of vials or trays positioned on different areas of the shelves and containing product to be freeze dried. One or more vials or trays are selected that are representative of the positions of all of the vials or trays in different areas of the shelves. One or more heat flux sensors are positioned between the selected vials or trays and adjacent portions of the walls and/or shelves. The heat transfer between the selected vials or trays and the adjacent wall or shelf portions is measured during the freezing and drying stages of the freeze drying process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for eliminating or minimizing the non-uniformity of edge vials compared to center vials during freezing or primary drying of product therein in a freeze dryer. A temperature controlled surface is positioned in close proximity to or in contact with the edge vials to control the temperature thereof. The method and apparatus may be used to simulate in a development freeze dryer the conditions of the center and edge vials in a larger batch target freeze dryer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for eliminating or minimizing the non-uniformity of edge vials compared to center vials during freezing or primary drying of product therein in a freeze dryer. A temperature controlled surface is positioned in close proximity to or in contact with the edge vials to control the temperature thereof. The method and apparatus may be used to simulate in a development freeze dryer the conditions of the center and edge vials in a larger batch target freeze dryer.

Abstract: A method of monitoring and controlling a freeze drying process in a freeze drying apparatus having walls, shelves and a number of vials or trays positioned on different areas of the shelves and containing product to be freeze dried. One or more vials or trays are selected that are representative of the positions of all of the vials or trays in different areas of the shelves. One or more heat flux sensors are positioned between the selected vials or trays and adjacent portions of the walls and/or shelves. The heat transfer between the selected vials or trays and the adjacent wall or shelf portions is measured during the freezing and drying stages of the freeze drying process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for eliminating or minimizing the non-uniformity of edge vials compared to center vials during freezing or primary drying of product therein in a freeze dryer. A temperature controlled surface is positioned in close proximity to or in contact with the edge vials to control the temperature thereof. The method and apparatus may be used to simulate in a development freeze dryer the conditions of the center and edge vials in a larger batch target freeze dryer.

Abstract: Continuous chromatography methods and systems are disclosed, wherein a tangential flow filtration device used in association with at least a first chromatography device and a second chromatography device, concentrate a product of interest, which improves sorbent utilization.

Abstract: Chromatography methods and systems are disclosed, wherein a tangential flow filtration device is used to concentrate a product of interest, which improves sorbent utilization.

Abstract: A client-server system for recording web site activity by web users and dynamically customizing web display apparatuses for optimal information presentation based on the users' prior activity history. The system assigns each user a user identifier that allows the system to track the user's web sessions. The system also assigns every web site an application identifier that allows the system to track the user's activities at a particular web site. The system then records the user's activities as they visit different web sites via the user and application identifiers. The system determines how the user prefers to view each web site based on their prior activity, their preferences, the web site, and various other factors. As the user surfs from web site to web site, the system dynamically configures the user's web browser and the web page information for optimum presentation based on how the user prefers to view the web site.

Abstract: A client-server system for recording web site activity by web users and dynamically customizing web display apparatuses for optimal information presentation based on the users'prior activity history. The system assigns each user a user identifier that allows the system to track the user's web sessions. The system also assigns every web site an application identifier that allows the system to track the user's activities at a particular web site. The system then records the user's activities as they visit different web sites via the user and application identifiers. The system determines how the user prefers to view each web site based on their prior activity, their preferences, the web site, and various other factors. As the user surfs from web site to web site, the system dynamically configures the user's web browser and the web page information for optimum presentation based on how the user prefers to view the web site.

Abstract: A client-server system for recording web site activity by web users and dynamically customizing web display apparatuses for optimal information presentation based on the users' prior activity history. The system assigns each user a user identifier that allows the system to track the user's web sessions. The system also assigns every web site an application identifier that allows the system to track the user's activities at a particular web site. The system then records the user's activities as they visit different web sites via the user and application identifiers. The system determines how the user prefers to view each web site based on their prior activity, their preferences, the web site, and various other factors. As the user surfs from web site to web site, the system dynamically configures the user's web browser and the web page information for optimum presentation based on how the user prefers to view the web site.

Abstract: A method and system for implementing a call-back verification procedure for a commercial transaction which is presented to the consumer as part of the commercial transaction, i.e., at the website of the merchant, or alternatively, the consumer may be re-directed from the merchant's website to a different website where the call-back verification procedure is initiated. The consumer is required to input their call-back telephone number, along with payment information, such as, for example, a credit card number. The credit card information is then validated and the call-back number is checked to see if prior attempts have been made which were associated with the same call-back number. An automated voice response (AVR) unit is used for further interaction with the consumer and the consumer is asked to input a voice-print which will then be associated with the particular transaction the user is attempting to complete.