Abstract: Aqueous prepolymer dispersions are provided, as are methods for making aqueous prepolymer dispersions. For example, an aqueous polyurethane prepolymer dispersion may be prepared by a process. The process may include contacting a soybean oil polyester polyol and an isocyanate reactive monomer together in a first mixture. The isocyanate reactive monomer may be functionalized with a tertiary amine salt of an isocyanate-unreactive organic acid. The process may include contacting the first mixture with a diisocyanate to form a neutralized polyurethane prepolymer. The process may include contacting the neutralized polyurethane prepolymer with water to form the aqueous polyurethane prepolymer dispersion.

Abstract: Aqueous prepolymer dispersions are provided, as are methods for making aqueous prepolymer dispersions. For example, an aqueous polyurethane prepolymer dispersion may be prepared by a process. The process may include contacting a soybean oil polyester polyol and an isocyanate reactive monomer together in a first mixture. The isocyanate reactive monomer may be functionalized with a tertiary amine salt of an isocyanate-unreactive organic acid. The process may include contacting the first mixture with a diisocyanate to form a neutralized polyurethane prepolymer. The process may include contacting the neutralized polyurethane prepolymer with water to form the aqueous polyurethane prepolymer dispersion.

Abstract: Electromagnetic radiation sensitive mask materials are provided. The mask materials are chosen such a first percentage of electromagnetic radiation at a first wavelength is transmitted through the mask material prior to the exposure of the mask material to electromagnetic radiation at a second wavelength and a second percentage of electromagnetic radiation at the first wavelength is transmitted through at least a portion of the mask material after the at least a portion of the mask material is exposed to electromagnetic radiation at the second wavelength. Methods of patterning substrates using electromagnetic radiation sensitive mask materials are also provided. Compositions for producing masks are provided, and systems are provided.

Abstract: Electromagnetic radiation sensitive mask materials are provided. The mask materials are chosen such a first percentage of electromagnetic radiation at a first wavelength is transmitted through the mask material prior to the exposure of the mask material to electromagnetic radiation at a second wavelength and a second percentage of electromagnetic radiation at the first wavelength is transmitted through at least a portion of the mask material after the at least a portion of the mask material is exposed to electromagnetic radiation at the second wavelength. Methods of patterning substrates using electromagnetic radiation sensitive mask materials are also provided. Compositions for producing masks are provided, and systems are provided.

Abstract: In a method of joining a solidifiable liquid polymeric material to a solid material to produce a solid article, the solid material is contacted with the liquid polymeric material at an interface. Ultrasonic energy is applied so that the energy reaches the interface between the contacting solid material and liquid polymeric material. A joint is formed at the interface by allowing or causing the liquid polymeric material to solidify, to produce a solid article comprising the solidified polymeric material joined to the solid material.

Abstract: The present invention provides an object, which, in its outer surface contains a color-forming composition which comprises a solvent-absorbing material that is generally a polymer; a color-former compounded with the solvent-absorbing material, where the color-former functions as a metal chelating agent; and metal ions capable of forming a chelate complex with the color-former as the solvent-absorbing material absorbs a solvent, resulting in a detectable color change of the composition. The present invention also provides a method for indicating exposure of the color-forming composition to a solvent, wherein the color-forming composition is to be used on the outside surface of objects.

Abstract: Color-forming compositions comprising (i) a solvent absorbing material such as a polymer; (ii) a color-former or chelating agent compounded with the solvent absorbing material; and (iii) a source of metal ions, whereby the metal ions complex with the color former as the solvent absorbing material absorbs the solvent, resulting in a detectable color change of the solvent absorbing material. Both reversible and irreversible versions of these color-forming compositions are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides an object, which, in its outer surface contains a color-forming composition which comprises a solvent-absorbing material that is generally a polymer; a color-former compounded with the solvent-absorbing material, where the color-former functions as a metal chelating agent; and metal ions capable of forming a chelate complex with the color-former as the solvent-absorbing material absorbs a solvent, resulting in a detectable color change of the composition. The present invention also provides a method for indicating exposure of the color-forming composition to a solvent, wherein the color-forming composition is to be used on the outside surface of objects.

Abstract: Color-forming compositions comprising (i) a solvent absorbing material such as a polymer; (ii) a color-former or chelating agent compounded with the solvent absorbing material; and (iii) a source of metal ions, whereby the metal ions complex with the color former as the solvent absorbing material absorbs the solvent, resulting in a detectable color change of the solvent absorbing material. Both reversible and irreversible versions of these color-forming compositions are provided.

Abstract: In a method of joining a solidifiable liquid polymeric material to a solid material to produce a solid article, the solid material is contacted with the liquid polymeric material at an interface. Ultrasonic energy is applied so that the energy reaches the interface between the contacting solid material and liquid polymeric material. A joint is formed at the interface by allowing or causing the liquid polymeric material to solidify, to produce a solid article comprising the solidified polymeric material joined to the solid material.

Abstract: The present invention provides an object, which, in its outer surface contains a color-forming composition which comprises a solvent-absorbing material that is generally a polymer; a color-former compounded with the solvent-absorbing material, where the color-former functions as a metal chelating agent; and metal ions capable of forming a chelate complex with the color-former as the solvent-absorbing material absorbs a solvent, resulting in a detectable color change of the composition. The present invention also provides a method for indicating exposure of the color-forming composition to a solvent, wherein the color-forming composition is to be used on the outside surface of objects.

Abstract: A temperature sensing system for over-heat detection includes a temperature sensing cable, interface unit and termination unit. The interface unit is configured to issue interrogation, communication and power signals to the termination unit through the temperature sensing cable. During normal operation issuance of the interrogation signal results in no reflection pulses, as the signal is dissipated through the termination resistance in the termination unit. When an over-heat, short circuit or open circuit condition exists, a reflected pulse is detected by the interface unit and this information is used to determine the type and location of the condition. The interface unit is also configured to supply power to the termination unit which in turn is stored in the termination unit to power its operations, including setting of the resistor values. The termination unit is used as an instrument of calibration in the subject system.