Abstract: A bond matrix for metal bonded abrasive tools includes a metal bond system, porosity and an optional filler. Tools according to embodiments of the invention exhibit long tool life, produce an acceptable quality of cut and can have self-dressing properties. The bond matrix can be used, for example, in abrasives tools configured for the electronics industry, such as 1A8 wheels for slicing ball grid arrays (BGAs) and other such slicing operations.

Abstract: A CMP pad conditioner is provided that includes a substrate having a surface and three dimensional structures protruding relative to the surface of the substrate. The three dimensional structures include CVD carbon-containing material selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes and diamond, and may be arranged in a ordered array or desired pattern. The CMP pad conditioner also includes a bonding layer overlying the three dimensional structures and the surface of the substrate. The condition may include a reinforcing layer disposed within gaps between the three dimensional structures. Techniques for manufacture and use are also disclosed.

Abstract: A CMP pad conditioner is provided that includes a substrate having a surface and three dimensional structures protruding relative to the surface of the substrate. The three dimensional structures include CVD carbon-containing material selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes and diamond, and may be arranged in a ordered array or desired pattern. The CMP pad conditioner also includes a bonding layer overlying the three dimensional structures and the surface of the substrate. The condition may include a reinforcing layer disposed within gaps between the three dimensional structures. Techniques for manufacture and use are also disclosed.

Abstract: A bonded abrasive article is provided that includes abrasive grains within a bond matrix, the abrasive grains including cubic boron nitride (cBN) and the bond matrix including a polycrystalline ceramic phase. The bonded abrasive may have a Modulus of Rupture (MOR) of not less than about 40 MPa. Certain embodiments may have porosity, such as greater than about 5.0 vol %.

Abstract: A bonded abrasive article is provided which includes abrasive grains made of cubic boron nitride within a bond matrix including a silicate. The bonded abrasive further includes a reaction product at the interface between the abrasive grains and bond matrix comprising a transition metal nitride.

Abstract: A bond matrix for metal bonded abrasive tools includes a metal bond system, porosity and an optional filler. Tools according to embodiments of the invention exhibit long tool life, produce an acceptable quality of cut and can have self-dressing properties. The bond matrix can be used, for example, in abrasives tools configured for the electronics industry, such as 1A8 wheels for slicing ball grid arrays (BGAs) and other such slicing operations.

Abstract: A bonded abrasive article is provided that includes abrasive grains within a bond matrix, the abrasive grains including cubic boron nitride (cBN) and the bond matrix including a polycrystalline ceramic phase. The bonded abrasive may have a Modulus of Rupture (MOR) of not less than about 40 MPa. Certain embodiments may have porosity, such as greater than about 5.0 vol %.

Abstract: A bonded abrasive article is provided which includes abrasive grains made of cubic boron nitride within a bond matrix including a silicate. The bonded abrasive further includes a reaction product at the interface between the abrasive grains and bond matrix comprising a transition metal nitride.

Abstract: A rheometer has temperature control means which include a bath through which liquid is circulated, so that it will completely immerse both the upper and lower probes or plates between which a sample, whose rheological are being investigated, is located. This allows the temperature of the sample to be closely controlled to within 0.2.degree. C. of a selected temperature. The rheometer is particularly suitable for measuring the properties of bitumous materials which are extremely temperature sensitive.

Abstract: A bale debanding method and apparatus comprising a band breaking blade, a band winding mandrel and a mandrel cleaning plate are mounted to a frame. A support table is attached to the frame for receiving a waste paper bale that is held together by banding material. As the bale is moved past the band breaking blade, a band retention notch engages a band and by stretching it breaks the band. Once a band is broken, an extensible band catch extending out of the mandrel contacts the band and facilitates the band in being wound around the mandrel. Once all of the bands have been removed from the bale, the band catch is retracted to a position within the mandrel and a cleaning plate is moved axially along the mandrel sweeping the bands off a free end of the mandrel. This process is repeated to remove bands from other surfaces of the bale, thereby releasing the waste paper in preparation of processing.

Abstract: A bale debanding method and apparatus comprising a band breaking blade, a band winding mandrel and a mandrel cleaning plate are mounted to a frame. A support table is attached to the frame for receiving a waste paper bale that is held together by banding material. As the bale is moved past the band breaking blade, a band retention notch engages a band and by stretching it breaks the band. Once a band is broken, an extensible band catch extending out of the mandrel contacts the band and facilitates the band in being wound around the mandrel. Once all of the bands have been removed from the bale, the band catch is retracted to a position within the mandrel and a cleaning plate is moved axially along the mandrel sweeping the bands off a free end of the mandrel. This process is repeated to remove bands from other surfaces of the bale, thereby releasing the waste paper in preparation of processing.

Abstract: A double-acting accelerated forging hammer and method of operation are disclosed. The hammer is of the type having a vertically oriented cylinder, a piston slidably mounted within the cylinder having a downwardly depending piston rod extending along the cylinder and attached to a hammer. A gas accumulator communicates with the cylinder above the piston for supplying gas under pressure thereto during a forging stroke, and a fluid accumulator communicating with the cylinder below the piston for supplying fluid thereto at a higher pressure than the gas to dirve the piston upwardly during a return stroke. A fluid tank supplies fluid to recharge the accumulator and receives fluid from the cylinder during the forging stroke. Variable valves control the rate of fluid flow from the cylinder and thereby control the rate at which the piston descends within the cylinder.

Abstract: A hydraulic intensifier for oil well fracturing and/or erosion drilling, having a pair of intensifier units including a pair of sequentially operated reciprocating ram assemblies powered by hydraulic cylinder motors which are operated to maintain a substantially uniform output fluid pressure from the intensifier unit. Each cylinder motor is supplied from a main source of hydraulic fluid under high pressure which operates on the working faces of the pistons of the cylinder motors. Hydraulic fluid is also supplied to the return face side of each piston in the hydraulic cylinder motor.

Abstract: A quadraplex pumping unit for use as a mud pump, an intensifier, or as a pump for abrasive fluids or the like includes four rams and four ram operating pistons. A control valve arrangement provides for pressure equalization and energy transfer from a cylinder which has just extended in a working stroke to a companion cylinder which has just returned to its retracted to rest position, to conserve energy and reduce the thermal burden on the hydraulic system. The valve arrangement further provides for prepressurization, after pressure equalization, prior to an extending stroke.

Abstract: A surgical stapling system, apparatus and staple wherein a resilient staple has a relaxed closed configuration, is expanded into an open crescent shape, and finally is allowed to return to its closed configuration while simultaneously piercing and drawing together adjacent edges of an open incision or wound. The stapling apparatus contains a plurality of staples and includes projections which engage and secure each staple to the apparatus until its closure to tissue is complete and separation from the apparatus is desired. Further mechanism is provided to control the staple as it closes and optionally to re-open a closed or partially closed staple.

Abstract: An intensifier unit includes a pair of sequentially operated reciprocating ram assemblies, each powered by a cylinder motor. Extension of the cylinder rods is accomplished by application of pressurized hydraulic fluid to the pistons. The pistons are returned quicker than they are extended by means of continuous application of pressurized air to the back side of the pistons. The cylinder motors are precompressed prior to their respective forward strokes by means of an accumulator which continuously bleeds from the main hydraulic fluid supply line. Circuitry is provided to insure that precompression continues even if the ram and its driving piston move from their retracted position. Also disclosed is a safety interlock to shut down the intensifier if both cylinder rods become accidentally simultaneously extended.

Abstract: A hydraulic intensifier for oil well fracturing and/or erosion drilling incorporates a pair of intensifier units mounted on a common bed. The intensifier units are particularly defined for ease of maintenance in the field, and structure is provided by which the ram seals as well as the ram, the ram cylinder, and the hydraulic cylinder can be easily and readily removed in the field without the necessity for releasing the tension on the tie rods. To this end, the apparatus includes a front wall which supports the ram cylinder and an intermediate wall which supports the forward end of the hydraulic cylinder. The space between these walls and the manner in which the components are assembled permits the ram seal assembly, the ram and ram cylinder, and hydraulic piston to be extracted and reinserted. Also, an improved ram return system and a hydraulic cushioning system are disclosed.