Abstract: Apparatus and associated methods relate to a stackable distributed communication and control hub (DCCH) configured to provide a wide viewing angle for instantly inspecting multiple connections when multiple DCCHs are stacked. In an illustrative example, a DCCH may include multiple connection ports distributed on one or more edge surfaces. An offset bracket, for example, may couple two DCCHs, each at a coupling surface of the corresponding DCCH. Upon coupling, the DCCHs are held at substantially parallel planes. For example, a first DCCH is offset from a second DCCH in two directions. In a first direction, respective planes are offset along a vertical axis by a predetermined first offset. In a second direction, the DCCHs are offset by a predetermined second offset, orthogonal to the first direction. Various embodiments may advantageously allow visual status of the connection ports visible in at least one viewing angle along the vertical axis.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for hydroformylation of diisobutene and a C4 to C7 olefin in a common reaction zone. The hydroformylation is carried out with synthesis gas in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst system that comprises at least Co or Rh and optionally a phosphorus-containing ligand.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for alkoxycarbonylation of diisobutene and a C4 to C7 olefin in a common reaction zone. The alkoxycarbonylation is carried out with an alcohol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst system that comprises at least one metal from group 8 to 10 of the periodic table of the elements or a compound thereof, a phosphorus-containing ligand and an acid.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for alkoxycarbonylation of diisobutene and a C4 to C7 olefin in a common reaction zone. The alkoxycarbonylation is carried out with an alcohol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst system that comprises at least one metal from group 8 to 10 of the periodic table of the elements or a compound thereof, a phosphorus-containing ligand and an acid.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for alkoxycarbonylation of disobutone and a C4 to C7 olefin in a common reaction zone. The alkoxycarbonylation is carried out with an alcohol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst system that comprises at least one metal from group 8 to 10 of the periodic table of the elements or a compound thereof, a phosphorus-containing ligand and an acid.

Abstract: Platinum complexes having ferrocene ligands for the catalysis of the alkoxycarbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: Process for preparing diphosphites and the compounds used for the preparation.

Abstract: A process is developed for the hydroformylation of diisobutene, in which the diisobutene stream used is subjected to a distillation prior to the hydroformylation in order to enrich 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene in the stream to be hydroformylated. The hydroformylation is carried out with synthesis gas in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst system that comprises at least Co or Rh and optionally a phosphorus-containing ligand.

Abstract: A process produces a target alcohol by hydrogenation of an ester formed by alkoxycarbonylation of diisobutene. The diisobutene stream used in the alkoxycarbonylation is subjected to a distillation prior to the alkoxycarbonylation in order to enrich 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene in the stream to be alkoxycarbonylated. The alkoxycarbonylation is carried out with an alcohol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst system that comprises at least one metal from group 8 to 10 of the periodic table of the elements or a compound thereof, a phosphorus-containing ligand and an acid.

Abstract: A process produces a carboxylic acid or salt thereof by hydrolysis or saponification of an ester formed by alkoxycarbonylation of diisobutene. The diisobutene stream used in the alkoxycarbonylation is subjected to a distillation prior to the alkoxycarbonylation in order to enrich 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene in the stream to be alkoxycarbonylated. The alkoxycarbonylation is carried out with an alcohol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst system that comprises at least one metal from group 8 to 10 of the periodic table of the elements or a compound thereof, a phosphorus-containing ligand and an acid.

Abstract: A process isomerizes 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-ene to 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene over a heterogeneous catalyst based on a zeolite or an ion-exchange resin. The process includes providing an input stream containing 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-ene and 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene and performing the isomerization with the input stream using a heterogeneous catalyst based on a zeolite or an ion-exchange resin. A proportion of 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-ene in the total stream is at least 25 mol % based on the total input stream.

Abstract: A process provides a tops stream K containing more than 85% by weight of 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene, wherein both an isomerization of 2,4,4-trimethylpont-2-ene to 2,4,4-trimethylpont-1-ene and a distillation to obtain the tops stream K are performed. The isomerization is at least partially fed with the bottoms stream of the distilation where a tops stream K is withdrawn overhead.

Abstract: A process is developed for the alkoxycarbonylation of diisobutene, in which the diisobutene stream used is subjected to a distillation prior to the alkoxycarbonylation in order to enrich 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene in the stream to be alkoxycarbonylated. The alkoxycarbonylation is carried out with an alcohol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst system that comprises at least one metal from group 8 to 10 of the periodic table of the elements or a compound thereof, a phosphorus-containing ligand and an acid.

Abstract: Process for preparing an acetal from an olefin using PtI2 or PtBr2.

Abstract: Process for preparing an acetal from an olefin using an iodine-alkyl compound.

Abstract: Process for alkoxycarbonylation of olefins using synthesis gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing alcohols by hydrogenation of C4 to C20 aldehydes. The process according to the invention is performed in two consecutive hydrogenation stages, wherein the first hydrogenation stage employs an activated metal catalyst based on a nickel metal foam and the second stage employs a supported catalyst containing a catalytically active component from the group consisting of nickel, copper, chromium and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Process for the alkoxycarbonylation of trivinylcyclohexane.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for separating one or more components from a mixture by a membrane separation in which—depending on the component to be separated—an acid or a base is added to the mixture before the membrane separation.

Abstract: Mixture of two constitutionally isomeric bisphosphites and use thereof in hydroformylation.