Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of formula I 1

Abstract: An integrated generator, compressor and welding power supply sized to fit within a pickup bed. The lower portion of the housing is sized to fit between the wheel wells of a pickup truck bed, while an upper housing portion is sized to extend over at least one bed wall. The position of the upper housing portions may be changed either vertically or horizontally to accommodate different makes or models of trucks. The lower housing portion includes feet extending downwardly therefrom, to suspend a bottom side of the lower housing above the floor of the truck bed, and thereby permit access to the bed floor beneath the unit. The lower portion contains an internal combustion engine for generating mechanical power, an alternator, and electrically driven compressors. Ducting and baffles facilitate air flow and cooling in this portion. A fuel tank and a control panel are positioned in the upper housing portions.

Abstract: A process for recovering halides from hydrocarbon containing streams is disclosed using a sulfonated hexafluro bis-A-polysulfone membrane of polymers and copolymers having the polymer repeat unit of the formula: in the polymer or copolymer. This process is applicable to recovering and recycling hydrogen chloride, which is used as a catalytic promoter, in hydrocarbon conversion processes such as isomerization and alkylation.

Abstract: A process for recovering halides from hydrocarbon containing streams is disclosed using a sulfonated hexafluro bis-A-polysulfone membrane of polymers and copolymers having the polymer repeat unit of the formula: in the polymer or copolymer. This process is applicable to recovering and recycling hydrogen chloride, which is used as a catalytic promoter, in hydrocarbon conversion processes such as isomerization and alkylation.

Abstract: A process for recovering halides from hydrocarbon containing streams is disclosed using a sulfonated hexafluro bis-A-polysulfone membrane of polymers and copolymers having the polymer repeat unit of the formula: in the polymer or copolymer. This process is applicable to recovering and recycling hydrogen chloride, which is used as a catalytic promoter, in hydrocarbon conversion processes such as isomerization and alkylation.

Abstract: A processing step is added to an existing catalytic reforming unit to increase the yield of aromatic product. The additional processing comprises separation of product from the reforming unit into an aromatic concentrate and a low-octane recycle stream which is upgraded by aromatization. The separation preferably is effected using a large-pore molecular sieve, and the aromatization with a nonacidic L-zeolite contained within the hydrogen circuit of the existing catalytic reforming unit.

Abstract: A process combination is disclosed to selectively upgrade naphtha in accordance with expected trends leading to more-aliphatic gasolines. Such gasolines contain lower concentrations of aromatics and have lower end points with concomitant reduced harmful automotive emissions. The present process combination converts the higher-boiling portion of the naphtha, yields isobutane and other isoparaffins which are particularly suitable for upgrading or blending, and reduces cyclics in intermediate processing steps.

Abstract: A highly integrated process for concurrently producing diisopropyl ether and an isopropyl tertiary alkyl ether has been developed. Optionally, high purity isopropyl alcohol may also be collected as a product. In a first reactor, propylene and water are reacted to form isopropyl alcohol, a portion of which is further reacted to form diisopropyl ether. After removing unreacted propylene, the effluent of the first reactor is separated into an ether rich stream, a water rich stream and an alcohol rich stream. The alcohol rich stream is dried to provide dry isopropyl alcohol. A portion of the dry isopropyl alcohol may be removed and collected as a product. A portion of the dry isopropyl alcohol and isobutylene, isoamylene or a mixture thereof are reacted to form an isopropyl tertiary alkyl ether in a second reactor. Unreacted iso-olefins and inert compounds are then removed from the second reactor effluent.

Abstract: A highly integrated process for concurrently producing diisopropyl ether and an isopropyl tertiary alkyl ether has been developed. In a first reactor, propylene and water are reacted to form isopropyl alcohol, a portion of which is further reacted to form diisopropyl ether. After removing unreacted propylene, the effluent of the first reactor is separated into an ether rich stream, a water rich stream and an alcohol rich stream. The alcohol rich stream and isobutylene, isoamylene or a mixture thereof are reacted to form an isopropyl tertiary alkyl ether in a second reactor. The water present in the alcohol rich stream also reacts with the iso-olefin to form tertiary alcohol. The effluent from the second reactor is water washed to produce an oxygenate product stream and an aqueous alcohol recycle stream. Some tertiary alcohol is recycled to the first reactor where it is reacted with propylene to form additional isopropyl tertiary alkyl ether.

Abstract: A processing step is added to an existing catalytic reforming unit to increase the yield of aromatic product. The additional processing comprises separation of product from the reforming unit into an aromatic concentrate and a low-octane recycle stream which is upgraded by aromatization. The separation preferably is effected using a large-pore molecular sieve, and the aromatization with a nonacidic L-zeolite contained within the hydrogen circuit of the existing catalytic reforming unit.

Abstract: A process for purifying an alkylate feedstream is disclosed. The feedstream contains hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, C.sub.2 -C.sub.7+ alkanes, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkenes and C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkyl halides. The process involves flowing the alkylate through a series of separation zones and a reaction zone to provide a halide free alkylate stream.

Abstract: A process for the production of diisopropyl ether where acid is removed, without extraction, from the reactor effluent before being recycled to the reactor or being passed to downstream processing units has been developed. The process involves (1) reacting propylene and water to produce isopropyl alcohol in a reactor and reacting the isopropyl alcohol with propylene to produce diisopropyl ether in the presence of an acidic ion exchange resin catalyst to afford a reactor effluent stream containing at least water, isopropyl alcohol, diisopropyl ether, propylene, and acid, (2) passing the reactor effluent to an acid removal zone to produce an acid-depleted stream, (3) dividing the acid-depleted stream into two portions, and (4) recycling a portion to the reactor and collecting a portion.

Abstract: A process combination is disclosed to selectively upgrade naphtha to obtain products suitable for further upgrading to reformulated fuels. A naphtha feedstock is hydrogenated to saturate aromatics, followed by selective isoparaffin synthesis to yield light and heavy naphtha and isobutane; isobutane and isopentane in the product are obtained in superequilibrium concentrations. The heavy naphtha may be processed by reforming, light naphtha may be isomerized, and isobutane may be upgraded by dehydrogenation, etherification and/or alkylation to yield gasoline components from the process combination suitable for production of reformulated gasoline.

Abstract: A process for concurrently producing diisopropyl ether and isopropyl ethyl ether from water, ethanol from an independent source, and propylene, has been developed. The product mixture may be used as a high octane number booster due mainly to the presence of the diisopropyl ether and to a lesser extent, the isopropyl ethyl ether. Furthermore, the product mixture, upon blending with gasoline, incorporates a renewable resource into the gasoline since the isopropyl ethyl ether is produced from ethanol. Optionally, the product mixture may be passed through an acid removal zone to remove acid, if present, before being recycled or further processed. A portion of the product mixture is recycled to the reaction zone to increase the conversion of reactants to products.

Abstract: A process combination is disclosed to selectively upgrade catalytically cracked gasoline to obtain products suitable for further upgrading to reformulated fuels. A naphtha feedstock, preferably heavy naphtha, is hydrogenated to saturate aromatics, followed by selective isoparaffin synthesis to yield light and heavy synthesis naphtha and isobutane. The heavy synthesis naphtha may be processed by reforming, light naphtha may be isomerized, and isobutane may be upgraded by dehydrogenation, etherification and/or alkylation to yield gasoline components from the process combination suitable for production of reformulated gasoline.

Abstract: A process combination is disclosed to selectively upgrade naphtha to obtain gasoline which is in accordance with current standards for reformulated fuels. A naphtha feedstock is fractionated to selectively direct light naphtha to isomerization or blending, a head-cut fraction to reforming, and a heavy potion to selective isoparaffin synthesis to yield light and heavy synthesis naphtha and isobutane. The heavy potion of the synthesis naphtha is processed by reforming. Light naphtha may be isomerized, with or without recycle of low-octane components of the product. A gasoline component is blended from light, synthesis, and reformate products from the process combination.

Abstract: A low severity continuous reforming process that operates at conditions to provide a low coke production provides an improved reformulated gasoline fuel. The conditions for the reforming operation include high space velocity, relatively high temperature and low hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratios. Despite the higher temperature, the process provides stable coke production rates at a very low level while providing relative high hydrogen yields. The lower severity operation and the high hydrogen yield facilitate the removal of benzene from the reformulated gasoline pool while avoiding the anticipated hydrogen deficit that such operations would produce.

Abstract: A process combination is disclosed to reduce the aromatics content of a key component of gasoline blends. Paraffins contained in catalytic reformates are conserved and upgraded by separation and isomerization, reducing the reforming severity required to achieve a given product octane with concomitant reduction in paraffin aromatization and cracking. Light reformate may be separated and isomerized, and heavier paraffins are separated from the reformate by solvent extraction or adsorption; the recovered heavy paraffins are isomerized, optionally at a substoichiometric hydrogen ratio. A gasoline component having a reduced aromatics content relative to reformate of the same octane number is blended from the net products of the separation and isomerization steps.

Abstract: A process combination is disclosed to selectively upgrade naphtha to obtain gasoline which is in accordance with current standards for reformulated fuels. A naphtha feedstock is fractionated to selectively direct light naphtha to isomerization or blending, a heart-cut fraction to reforming, and a heavy portion to selective isoparaffin synthesis to yield light and heavy synthesis naphtha and isobutane. The heavy portion of the synthesis naphtha is processed by reforming. Light naphtha may be isomerized, with or without recycle of low-octane components of the product. A gasoline component is blended from light, synthesis, and reformate products from the process combination.

Abstract: A process combination is disclosed to reduce the aromatics content of a key component of gasoline blends. Paraffins contained in catalytic reformates are conserved and upgraded by separation and isomerization, reducing the reforming severity required to achieve a given product octane with concomitant reduction in paraffin aromatization and cracking. Light reformate may be separated and isomerized, and heavier paraffins are separated from the reformate by solvent extraction or adsorption and isomerized. A gasoline component having a reduced aromatics content relative to reformate of the same octane number is blended from the net products of the separation and isomerization steps.