Abstract: The invention generally relates to biological engineering of microorganisms and production of chemical compounds therefrom. More particularly, the invention relates to novel genetically engineered microorganisms for the fermentative production of p-aminobenzoic acid and related compounds from fermentable carbon substrates. The biologically derived PABA and related compounds from fermentable carbon substrates can be used in a number of applications including as a food supplement or raw materials for the syntheses of other industrial chemicals or polymers.

Abstract: UV curable compositions, polymeric photoinitiators and precursors therefor are described.

Abstract: UV curable compositions, polymeric photoinitiators and precursors therefor are described.

Abstract: UV curable compositions, polymeric photoinitiators and precursors therefor are described.

Abstract: UV curable compositions, polymeric photoinitiators and precursors therefor are described.

Abstract: Water-treatment compositions are provided which contain a water-soluble, water-treatment polymer and, optionally, additional water-treatment chemicals. The polymers are prepared from water-treatment monomers and a photo-inert, latently-detectable moiety which is covalently bonded to the polymer backbone. When the residue of the photo-inert moiety is contacted with an amount of a photoactivator which is effective to cause the residue of the photo-inert moiety to absorb within a wavelength ranging from 300 to 800 nanometers, the residue of the photo-inert moiety is detectable at concentrations of less than 100 parts per million. Methods are also provided which allow for the determination of the concentration of low levels, i.e., less than 100 ppm, of the water-treatment polymer present in an aqueous system.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for chemically modifying polysaccharides in a densified fluid. In particular, the modification includes esterification and/or etherification of a starch in supercritical carbon dioxide. The process is advantageous in that it allows for a high degree of substitution without the use of organic solvents or repeated reactions.

Abstract: For use in microelectronics applications, an improvement to an epoxy resin composition to reduce bleeding of the composition when it is applied to a silicon or metal substrate consists in the addition to the composition of a polyhydroxyl compound having two or three hydroxyl groups, or of a monohydroxyl compound that also contains one or more phenyl groups. The hydroxyl compound is present in the composition in a ratio by weight to the flexibilizing compound of from 1:3 to 1:10.

Abstract: Water-treatment compositions are provided which contain a water-soluble, water-treatment polymer and, optionally, additional water-treatment chemicals. The polymers are prepared from water-treatment monomers and a photo-inert, latently-detectable moiety which is covalently bonded to the polymer backbone. When the residue of the photo-inert moiety is contacted with an amount of a photoactivator which is effective to cause the residue of the photo-inert moiety to absorb within a wavelength ranging from 300 to 800 nanometers, the residue of the photo-inert moiety is detectable at concentrations of less than 100 parts per million. Methods are also provided which allow for the determination of the concentration of low levels, i.e., less than 100 ppm, of the water-treatment polymer present in an aqueous system.

Abstract: Latex binders are disclosed which are used to prepare freeze-thaw-stable latex coating compositions which may be free of volatile freeze-thaw/open-time additives. The latex binders are prepared by combining a polymer which is the polymerization product of a polymerizable saccharide monomer, an acrylic monomer and, optionally, a monomer selected from styrenic monomers, ionic monomer and wet adhesion monomers. The latex coating compositions are freeze-thaw stable, even in the total absence of a volatile freeze-thaw additive, and exhibit improved open-time when compared to a latex coating composition which does not contain a volatile freeze-thaw additive. Methods for preparing the freeze-thaw-stable latex coating compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Polymerizable, saccharide-derived monomers are prepared in processes which utilize water as the reaction solvent and which preferably do not utilize a cosolvent. The saccharide monomers are prepared from a saccharide unit, an amine selected from the group consisting of R.sup.3 NH.sub.2, where R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl group, H or NH.sub.2, and a single, polymerizable, .alpha.-methyl styryl moiety. The saccharide monomers are useful in preparing polymers for use in freeze-thaw stable aqueous-based compositions which do not require conventional freeze-thaw solvents and colorimetrically detectable polymers which are used in treating aqueous systems.

Abstract: Novel fabric conditioning agents which contain either an ester or a NH link between a glyceric carboxyl group and a quaternary ammonium group are described. The compounds based on glyceric acid are both effective fabric conditioners and biodegradable, and may be formulated in any conventional physical form to form a fabric conditioning composition. A method of using the composition is also described.

Abstract: A method of conditioning fabrics with a composition containing novel agents which contain either an ester or a NH link between a glyceric carboxyl group and a quaternary ammonium group is described. The compounds based on glyceric acid are both effective fabric conditioners and biodegradable, and may be formulated in any conventional physical form to form the fabric conditioning composition.

Abstract: A class of malonates having the structures: ##STR1## has been identified as providing effective bleach precursors. These precursors are employed in conjunction with a peroxygen compound.

Abstract: A novel multifunctional bleach/builder precursor molecule is disclosed which is useful in various detergent compositions.

Abstract: A bleach precursor compound, its peroxygen acid derivative, and detergent compositions containing these materials are disclosed herein. The bleach precursor structurally comprises a quaternized ammonium or phosphonium group linked to a carbonate moiety having a leaving group. Upon perhydrolysis in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and a basic aqueous media, there is generated a peroxycarbonic acid bleach.

Abstract: Compounds represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl, aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carboxyalkyl or carboxyaryl;R.sup.2 is any group which does not cause spontaneous decomposition of the peroxy group; andx and y are integers between 0 and 4 with x+y great than or equal to 1, are disclosed.The inventive compounds are useful as visible and UV photoinitiators and as thermal or chemical initiators for curing compositions of ethylenically unsaturated monomers and prepolymers.

Abstract: Novel polymeric photocleavable photoinitiators are prepared by the hydrosilation reaction of an organosilicon hydride grafting agent which has a photoinitiating aromatic-aliphatic ketone derivative of at least one organo group, with a polymer having a plurality of unsaturated olefinic or acetylenic sites in the presence of a hydrosilation catalyst. Preferred polymers are butadiene or alkyl substituted butadiene polymers and copolymers and vinyl functional polyorganosiloxanes. The grafting agents have the formula (hv)--R.sup.8 --R.sup.5 --H wherein (hv) is a photoinitiating aromatic-aliphatic ketone group, R.sup.8 is selected from alkylene, alkenylene, alkylenoxy and oxy groups, and R.sup.5 is selected from ##STR1## the R.sup.6 groups are the same or different organo or halo groups and n is an integer.