Abstract: There is provided an apparatus (20) for monitoring a condition of an electrical power transmission medium (22), the apparatus (20) comprising: a signal source (24) for transmitting a signal (30) to travel along the electrical power transmission medium (22); and a monitoring device (26) configured to detect one or more reflected signals (34) in the electrical power transmission medium (22), wherein the monitoring device (24) is configured to use the or each detected reflected signal (34) to determine a change in capacitance of the electrical power transmission medium (22).

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus (20) for monitoring a condition of an electrical power transmission medium (22), the apparatus (20) comprising: a signal source (24) for transmitting a signal (30) to travel along the electrical power transmission medium (22); and a monitoring device (26) configured to detect one or more reflected signals (34) in the electrical power transmission medium (22), wherein the monitoring device (24) is configured to use the or each detected reflected signal (34) to determine a change in capacitance of the electrical power transmission medium (22).

Abstract: There is provided a method of locating a fault in a power transmission medium, including: monitoring, at a first monitoring location, an electrical characteristic of a power transmission medium at a plurality of frequencies; detecting, at the first monitoring location, a set of propagating fault signals including: a first propagating fault signal of the electrical characteristic at a first frequency of the plurality of frequencies, and a second propagating fault signal of the electrical characteristic at a second frequency of the plurality of frequencies, wherein each propagating fault signal is caused by the fault in the power transmission medium; comparing the first and second propagating fault signals with one another to obtain a set comparison value; and determining a location of the fault in the power transmission medium by deriving, from the set comparison value, a fault distance from the first monitoring location.

Abstract: A power transmission network includes converters interconnected via electrical elements, at least one power flow router, and a controller. Each power flow router being operatively connected to the electrical elements, each power flow router configured to selectively control current flow in the electrical elements so as to direct power between two or more of the plurality of converters.

Abstract: There is disclosed a controller (112) for a power electronic network element (110) of a power transmission network (100), wherein the controller (112) is configured to vary a control parameter of the network element (110) which at least partly determines a ripple profile in a transmission line of the network. The controller (112) is configured to vary the control parameter between at least a first value and second value to cause the ripple profile in the transmission line to change; and the controller is configured to vary the control parameter periodically or in response to a signal indicating a threshold temperature at a hotspot location along the transmission line. A method of optimising control parameters for a power transmission network (100) is also disclosed.

Abstract: There is disclosed a controller (112) for a power electronic network element (110) of a power transmission network (100), wherein the controller (112) is configured to vary a control parameter of the network element (110) which at least partly determines a ripple profile in a transmission line of the network. The controller (112) is configured to vary the control parameter between at least a first value and second value to cause the ripple profile in the transmission line to change; and the controller is configured to vary the control parameter periodically or in response to a signal indicating a threshold temperature at a hotspot location along the transmission line. A method of optimising control parameters for a power transmission network (100) is also disclosed.

Abstract: A power transmission network includes converters interconnected via electrical elements, at least one power flow router, and a controller. Each power flow router being operatively connected to the electrical elements, each power flow router configured to selectively control current flow in the electrical elements so as to direct power between two or more of the plurality of converters.

Abstract: There is provided a method of locating a fault in a power transmission medium, including: monitoring, at a first monitoring location, an electrical characteristic of a power transmission medium at a plurality of frequencies; detecting, at the first monitoring location, a set of propagating fault signals including: a first propagating fault signal of the electrical characteristic at a first frequency of the plurality of frequencies, and a second propagating fault signal of the electrical characteristic at a second frequency of the plurality of frequencies, wherein each propagating fault signal is caused by the fault in the power transmission medium; comparing the first and second propagating fault signals with one another to obtain a set comparison value; and determining a location of the fault in the power transmission medium by deriving, from the set comparison value, a fault distance from the first monitoring location.

Abstract: A loop material for a hook and loop fastener, which has ink jet printing on a face of the loop material, wherein the loop material has a shear strength of at least 10 pounds per square inch as measured by ASTM D-5169 and a peel strength of at least 1 pound as measured by ASTM D-5170. The printing on the face of the loop material substantially reduces the sound level associated with disengagement of the loop material from a hook material. A process for preparing the loop material is also disclosed.