Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst includes impregnating a metal oxide carrier with an aqueous solution to form an impregnated carrier; drying the impregnated carrier to form a dried, impregnated carrier; and heat-treating the dried, impregnated carrier in air to form the catalyst; wherein: the aqueous solution includes a copper salt; and from about 3 wt % to about 15 wt % of a C3-C6 multifunctional carboxylic acid; and the catalyst includes from about 5 wt % to about 50 wt % copper oxide.

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst includes impregnating a metal oxide carrier with an aqueous solution to form an impregnated carrier; drying the impregnated carrier to form a dried, impregnated carrier; and heat-treating the dried, impregnated carrier in air to form the catalyst; wherein: the aqueous solution includes a copper salt; and from about 3 wt % to about 15 wt % of a C3-C6 multifunctional carboxylic acid; and the catalyst includes from about 5 wt % to about 50 wt % copper oxide.

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst includes impregnating a metal oxide carrier with an aqueous solution to form an impregnated carrier; drying the impregnated carrier to form a dried, impregnated carrier; and heat-treating the dried, impregnated carrier in air to form the catalyst; wherein: the aqueous solution includes a copper salt; and from about 3 wt % to about 15 wt % of a C3-C6 multifunctional carboxylic acid; and the catalyst includes from about 5 wt % to about 50 wt % copper oxide.

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst includes impregnating a metal oxide carrier with an aqueous solution to form an impregnated carrier; drying the impregnated carrier to form a dried, impregnated carrier; and heat-treating the dried, impregnated carrier in air to form the catalyst; wherein: the aqueous solution includes a copper salt; and from about 3 wt % to about 15 wt % of a C3-C6 multifunctional carboxylic acid; and the catalyst includes from about 5 wt % to about 50 wt % copper oxide.

Abstract: A composition for controlling CO and NOx emissions during FCC processes comprises (i) acidic oxide support, (ii) cerium oxide, (iii) lanthanide oxide other than ceria such as praseodymium oxide (iv), optionally, oxide of a metal from Groups Ib and IIb such as copper, silver and zinc and (v) precious metal such as Pt and Pd.

Abstract: A composition for controlling CO and NOx emissions during FCC processes comprises (i) acidic oxide support, (ii) cerium oxide, (iii) lanthanide oxide other than ceria such as praseodymium oxide (iv), optionally, oxide of a metal from Groups Ib and IIb such as copper, silver and zinc and (v) precious metal such as Pt and Pd.

Abstract: A fluid catalytic cracking catalyst made from microspheres that initially contain kaolin, a dispersible boehmite alumina and a sodium silicate or silica sol binder. The kaolin portion contains hydrous kaolin and a particular kaolin which has been calcined through its characteristic exotherm and which produces a catalyst having a novel morphology comprising a macroporous matrix and crystallized zeolite freely coating the walls of the pores of the matrix. Calcination of the hydrous kaolin to metakaolin and formation of in-situ zeolite by treatment with sodium silicate yields a catalyst containing Y-faujasite and transforms the dispersible boehmite into a transitional alumina. The catalyst can be used to crack resid or resid-containing feeds as the alumina phase formed from the dispersible boehmite passivates nickel and vanadium contaminants.

Abstract: A fluid catalytic cracking catalyst made from microspheres that initially contain kaolin, a dispersible boehmite alumina and a sodium silicate or silica sol binder. The kaolin portion contains hydrous kaolin and a particular kaolin which has been calcined through its characteristic exotherm and which produces a catalyst having a novel morphology comprising a macroporous matrix and crystallized zeolite freely coating the walls of the pores of the matrix. Calcination of the hydrous kaolin to metakaolin and formation of in-situ zeolite by treatment with sodium silicate yields a catalyst containing Y-faujasite and transforms the dispersible boehmite into a transitional alumina. The catalyst can be used to crack resid or resid-containing feeds as the alumina phase formed from the dispersible boehmite passivates nickel and vanadium contaminants.

Abstract: A calcined cracking catalyst comprising zeolite crystals in an inorganic oxide matrix and containing less than about 0.75% Na.sub.2 O and, from 0.1 to 10% P expressed as P.sub.2 O.sub.5, the cracking catalyst being further characterized by exhibiting a spectra with a peak at about 3735 cm.sup.-1 when treated with pyridine and analyzed by FTIR. A process for manufacturing an FCC catalyst characterized by high tolerance to contaminated metals comprises providing fluid cracking catalyst microspheres containing zeolite Y in an inorganic oxide matrix and analyzing 20 to 60% by weight Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and analyzing less than 0.75% wt. Na.sub.2 O; impregnating the catalyst with a solution of a phosphate or phosphite salt in amount such the microspheres analyze 0.5 to 10% by weight P.sub.2 O.sub.5 and calcining the microspheres in the absence of steam at a temperature above 1300.degree. F. and below 1600.degree. F. and recovering the product characterized exhibiting a spectra with a peak at about 3687 cm.sup.

Abstract: An in situ process for making improved zeolitic fluid cracking catalyst by spray drying a mixture of hydrous kaolin, gibbsite and spinel, essentially free from metakaolin, calcining the resulting microspheres to convert the hydrous kaolin to metakaolin whereby the gibbsite is hydrothermally converted to a transitional alumina, and reacting the microspheres composed of a mixture of spinel, transitional alumina and metakaolin with a seeded alkaline sodium silicate solution.

Abstract: An in situ process for making improved zeolitic fluid cracking catalyst by spray drying a mixture of hydrous kaolin and spinel, essentially free from metakaolin, calcining the resulting microspheres to convert the hydrous kaolin to metakaolin, and reacting microspheres composed of a mixture of spinel and metakaolin forms of calcined clay with a seeded alkaline sodium silicate solution. The weight percent of hydrous kaolin in the starting (uncalcined) microspheres is greater than the spinel content.

Abstract: A composite fluid catalytic cracking catalyst comprising a non-zeolitic component of at least 45% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and containing .ltoreq.30% Y zeolite with unit cell size .ltoreq.24.29 .ANG., the matrix (non-zeolitic component) of said catalyst having a B.E.T. surface area .gtoreq.50 m.sup.2 /g and a catalyst Lewis/Bronsted acid site ratio of .gtoreq.1.5 wherein the total number of Bronsted acid sites is .ltoreq.30 micromoles/g of catalyst. The catalyst is used to increase the isobutylene and isoamylenes content of cracked products obtained in a fluid catalytic cracking unit.

Abstract: Selective production of C.sub.5 -C.sub.40 hydrocarbons containing C.sub.5 -C.sub.20 hydrocarbons having a high paraffins content, i.e., for producing gasoline and diesel fuel and useful as a chemical feedstock, is achieved by contacting H.sub.2 /CO mixtures with supported ruthenium catalysts under conditions including elevated temperature and ratios of gas hourly space velocity/pressure below about 24,000 v/v/hr/MPaA to effect percent CO conversions at least about 20%. The ruthenium catalyst support contains a titanium oxide, niobium oxide, vanadium oxide or tantalum oxide and C.sub.5 -C.sub.40 hydrocarbons can be selectively obtained in about 60-90 weight percent of total hydrocarbon products.