Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to electronic beam-steering reflectarray antenna system with varactor diode embedded comb-shaped unit cell. The present disclosure optimizes design of a plurality of comb-shaped unit cells arranged over a reflectarray metasurface. The plurality of comb-shaped unit cells designed as one of (i) a first unit cell structure and (ii) a second unit cell structure helps in tilting reflected beam over a desired direction. Moreover, a standard half-wavelength dipole antenna is integrated with the proposed reflectarray metasurface to produce electronically steerable antenna. The reflectarray metasurface is positioned at a predetermined height below the standard half-wavelength dipole antenna. Each of the plurality of comb-shaped unit cells is embedded with a commercially available varactor diode. These varactor diodes, when driven by appropriate direct current (DC) biasing voltages offer different capacitance values.

Abstract: The advent of fifth generation technology systems leads to seamless connectivity requirements for loT-based applications. High frequencies of operation lead to inherent problem of path loss, and to mitigate designing of passive reflecting intelligent surfaces for practical operations are challenging. This disclosure relates a method to enable sectoral area coverage under network applications by topologically modulated reflecting intelligent surfaces. A Minkowski-shaped fractal unit cell is received as an input. The Minkowski-shaped fractal unit cell is characterized to obtain unit cell dimension with independent reflection-phase characteristics. The independent reflection-phase characteristics are utilized to identify distinct unit cell elements. Surface layouts are generated by the distinct unit cell elements. The surface layouts are characterized with respect to an incoming source radiation pattern to identify reflected radiation pattern parameters.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to multi-port multi-functional meta-surface coplanar antenna system. Conventional electronic or mechanical solutions for beam steering incur high installation costs with less performance speed and bulk structures. The present disclosure provides multi-port multi-functional meta-surface coplanar antenna system for beam steering control. The disclosed antenna system enables radiator to have a performance diversity application through beam steering functionalities. The disclosed antenna system provides a minimal design complexity and minimal usage of active or passive lumped components. The disclosed system comprises Gradient Refractive Index Meta-surface (GRIM) and the antenna disposed on the same side of a substrate. Beam steering control is performed using port excitations and controlling the phase between the concerned ports externally.