Abstract: The present invention describes novel coolant concentrates and the production and use thereof.

Abstract: A process for working up mother liquors resulting from the preparation of adipic acid by oxidation of cyclohexanol or cyclohexanone or mixtures thereof with nitric acid entails removal of nitric acid by azeotropic distillation with water, heating the resulting melt at from 130.degree. to 180.degree. C. and then dissolving it in water, treating the aqueous solution with cation exchangers, subsequently again evaporating off the water and heating the resulting dicarboxylic acid melt at from 200.degree. to 240.degree. C. and then obtaining a mixture of dicarboxylic acids by distillation.

Abstract: Reaction mixtures obtained by Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime with sulfuric acid or oleum are neutralized by a process which comprises the following steps:(a) mixing the reaction mixture with recycled ammonium sulfate mother liquor whose concentration is chosen so that no solid ammonium sulfate is precipitated during the neutralization,(b) neutralization by feeding gaseous ammonia which contains water or an aqueous ammonium sulfate solution in finely divided liquid form through a plurality of nozzle orifices into the solution of the reaction mixture in the ammonium sulfate mother liquor at elevated temperatures,(c) separation of crude lactam from the aqueous ammonium sulfate solution,(d) evaporation of the ammonium sulfate solution under reduced pressure and with separation of the crystalline ammonium sulfate from the ammonium sulfate mother liquor and(e) recycling of the ammonium sulfate mother liquor to stage a).

Abstract: A process for removing nitrous oxide from exit gases which contain this compound and have been obtained in the preparation of hydroxylammonium salts by catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with hydrogen in an aqueous solution of a mineral acid, in the presence of a suspended noble metal catalyst, wherein the exit gases are washed with water.

Abstract: A process for rapidly cooling gases which contain caprolactam vapor and which have been obtained by catalytic rearrangement of cyclohexanone-oxime in the gas phase in the presence of a supported catalyst containing boric acid, wherein a finely divided coolant at from 90.degree. to 200.degree. C. is fed into a cooling zone from above, gases which are at 330.degree.-400.degree. C. and contain caprolactam vapor are introduced radially at high speed through nozzle orifices over the downstream portion of the cooling zone, and are cooled to 100.degree.-200.degree. C. by thorough mixing with the finely divided coolant, and the cooled mixture is discharged.

Abstract: A process for processing polycaprolactam extraction liquors by evaporation of water and distillation of the residue in which the evaporation of water is carried out in a plurality of stages and the evaporation energy for the removal of the bulk of the water is taken from the heat liberated in the rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime to caprolactam in oleum or sulfuric acid by using the extraction water for cooling the rearrangement mixture and utilizing the heat absorbed by the extraction water for the concentration of this extraction water by evaporation of water.