Abstract: It is an object of the present technology to overcome the disadvantages of conventional chlorination of a copper phthalocyanine which produces copper phthalocyanine, wherein the number of chlorines is less than than or equal to 4. The pigments described herein contain less chlorine than standard commercial grades of tetrachlorinated (or greater) copper phthalocyanine pigments while achieving similar color space, chromaticity, fastness properties, and color travel in automotive waterborne and solvent borne systems. The inventive pigments are more advantageous from a toxicity and environmental perspective, and allow the manufacturer to produce pigments in a safe and economical manner.

Abstract: It is an object of the present technology to overcome the disadvantages of conventional chlorination of a copper phthalocyanine which produces copper phthalocyanine, wherein the number of chlorines is less than than or equal to 4. The pigments described herein contain less chlorine than standard commercial grades of tetrachlorinated (or greater) copper phthalocyanine pigments while achieving similar color space, chromaticity, fastness properties, and color travel in automotive waterborne and solvent borne systems. The inventive pigments are more advantageous from a toxicity and environmental perspective, and allow the manufacturer to produce pigments in a safe and economical manner.

Abstract: It is an object of the present technology to overcome the disadvantages of conventional chlorination of a copper phthalocyanine which produces copper phthalocyanine, wherein the number of chlorines is less than or equal to 4. The pigments described herein contain less chlorine than standard commercial grades of tetrachlorinated (or greater) copper phthalocyanine pigments while achieving similar color space, chromaticity, fastness properties, and color travel in automotive waterborne and solvent borne systems. The inventive pigments are more advantageous from a toxicity and environmental perspective, and allow the manufacturer to produce pigments in a safe and economical manner.

Abstract: The present invention describes a pigment dispersion and a printing ink and coating employing the pigment dispersion. The pigment dispersion includes a pigment, binder and solvent. The pigment dispersion has a mean particle size less than about 120 nm. The printing ink or coating includes the pigment dispersion in addition to a solvent. The printing ink or coating has a solid binder to pigment ratio greater than about 1.5.

Abstract: It is an object of the present technology to overcome the disadvantages of conventional chlorination of a copper phthalocyanine which produces copper phthalocyanine, wherein the number of chlorines is less than or equal to 4. The pigments described herein contain less chlorine than standard commercial grades of tetrachlorinated (or greater) copper phthalocyanine pigments while achieving similar color space, chromaticity, fastness properties, and color travel in automotive waterborne and solvent borne systems. The inventive pigments are more advantageous from a toxicity and environmental perspective, and allow the manufacturer to produce pigments in a safe and economical manner.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reversible piezochromic system that changes appearance upon application of a mechanical force. The reversible piezochromic system includes a cavity defined by a first substrate and a second substrate. The cavity includes at least a first fluid. The first fluid spreads when a mechanical force is applied to the system. The relaxation time of the first fluid depends upon the internal forces of the system. These internal forces at least include the surface energy differences between the substrates and the fluid or fluids, and the rheological properties of the fluid or fluids.

Abstract: The present invention describes a pigment dispersion and a printing ink and coating employing the pigment dispersion. The pigment dispersion includes a pigment, binder and solvent. The pigment dispersion has a mean particle size less than about 120 nm. The printing ink or coating includes the pigment dispersion in addition to a solvent. The printing ink or coating has a solid binder to pigment ratio greater than about 1.5.

Abstract: Colored conductive fluids for electrowetting or electrofluidic devices, and the devices themselves, are disclosed. The colored conductive fluid includes a polar solvent and a colorant selected from a pigment and/or a dye. The polar solvent has (a) a dynamic viscosity of 0.1 cP to 1000 cP at 25° C., (b) a surface tension of 25 dynes/cm to 90 dynes/cm at 25° C., and (c) an electrowetting relative response of 20% to 80%. The colored conductive fluid itself can have an electrical conductivity from 0.1 ?S/cm to 3,000 ?S/cm and can have no greater than 500 total ppm of monatomic ions with ionic radii smaller than 2.0 ? and polyatomic ions with ionic radii smaller than 1.45 ?. The colored conductive fluid should not cause electrical breakdown of a dielectric in the device in which it is employed. An agent for controlling electrical conductivity can optionally be added to the colored conductive fluid.

Abstract: A display pixel (10, 50). The pixel (10, 50) includes first and second substrates (12, 20, 60, 62) arranged to define a channel (16, 74). A fluid (26, 76) is located within the channel (12, 74) and includes a first colorant (36, 84) and a second colorant (38, 86). The first colorant (36, 84) has a first charge and color. The second colorant (38, 86) has a second charge that is opposite in polarity to the first change and a color that is complementary to the color of the first colorant (36, 84). A first electrode (22, 66), with a voltage source (32, 78), is operably coupled to the fluid (26, 76) and configured to moving one or both of the first and second colorants (36, 38, 84, 86) within the fluid (26, 76) and alter at least one spectral property of the pixel (10, 50).

Abstract: The present invention provides a reversible piezochromic system that changes appearance upon application of a mechanical force. The reversible piezochromic system includes a cavity defined by a first substrate and a second substrate. The cavity includes at least a first fluid. The first fluid spreads when a mechanical force is applied to the system. The relaxation time of the first fluid depends upon the internal forces of the system. These internal forces at least include the surface energy differences between the substrates and the fluid or fluids, and the rheological properties of the fluid or fluids.

Abstract: Dispersants for pigments as well as dispersions containing them, and compositions such as inks and coatings containing them are described. The dispersants are the reaction product of at least one dianhydride with at least two different reactants, each of which can be an amine, alcohol, or thiol, and at least one of which is polymeric.

Abstract: Colored conductive fluids for electrowetting or electrofluidic devices, and the devices themselves, are disclosed. The colored conductive fluid includes a polar solvent and a colorant selected from a pigment and/or a dye. The polar solvent has (a) a dynamic viscosity of 0.1 cP to 1000 cP at 25° C., (b) a surface tension of 25 dynes/cm to 90 dynes/cm at 25° C., and (c) an electrowetting relative response of 20% to 80%. The colored conductive fluid itself can have an electrical conductivity from 0.1 ?S/cm to 3,000 ?S/cm and can have no greater than 500 total ppm of monatomic ions with ionic radii smaller than 2.0 ? and polyatomic ions with ionic radii smaller than 1.45 ?. The colored conductive fluid should not cause electrical breakdown of a dielectric in the device in which it is employed. An agent for controlling electrical conductivity can optionally be added to the colored conductive fluid.

Abstract: Colored fluids for electrowetting, electro fluidic, or electrophoretic devices, and the devices themselves, are disclosed. The colored fluid can include a nonaqueous polar solvent having (a) a dynamic viscosity of 0.1 cP to 50 cP at 250 C, (b) a surface tension of 25 dynes/cm to 55 dynes/cm at 250 C, and (c) an electrowetting relative response of 40% to 80%. Such colored fluids further include a colorant selected from a pigment and/or a dye. In another embodiment, the colored fluid can include a non-polar solvent and an organic colorant selected from a pigment and/or a dye. Such colored fluids can be black in color and have a conductivity from 0 pS/cm to 5 pS/cm and a dielectric constant less than 3. The use of the colored fluids offers improvements in reliability, higher levels of chroma in the dispersed state, and the ability to achieve higher contrast ratios in display technologies.

Abstract: Nano-sized particles of inorganic material, e.g. zinc oxide, cerium oxide or titanium oxide, can be dispersed to form a stable dispersion in a liquid medium, by using as the dispersant a compound of formula (I): in which: R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; R2 represents a carboxy group, or a salified or esterified carboxy group; m is 1 or 2; and n is a number from 4 to 200.

Abstract: An apparatus for displaying cards and papers in the workplace includes a central shaft portion having a pair of ends, with each end including a generally semicircular ring portion adapted to capture the slots of one or more cards. The central shaft portion may be releasably captured in a channel of a universal mount or a single- or double swing arm portion. Removal of the shaft portion from the channel permits the shaft portion to be split open along a break, thereby opening the rings along breaks in the manner of a split-ring binder. Alternatively, the shaft portion may be used alone (without a mount or swing arms) to hold a quantity of cards. The swing arms may be hinged upon a base portion and attached to the chassis or peripheral surface surrounding a computer video monitor, so that the swing arms and shaft portion can swing forward and around to fit the user's viewing preferences. When affixed to a monitor, the semicircular rings facilitate easy installation and flipping of slotted cards and/or papers.

Abstract: A dry colorant composition is disclosed and contains (a) pigment; (b) inert carrier; and (c) rheological additive having the structure: P—(U—Y)s wherein P is the residue of an organic colorant, Y is a polyalkylene oxide or polyalkylene moiety, U is a linking moiety covalently bonding Y to P, and s is an integer from 1 to 3.

Abstract: A method for determining printing ink usage efficiency (weight of ink required to print a given area) in a printing process is disclosed where the method is based on the analysis of pigment in the printed ink.

Abstract: Nano-sized particles of inorganic material, e.g. zinc oxide, cerium oxide or titanium oxide, can be dispersed to form a stable dispersion in a liquid medium, by using as the dispersant a compound of formula (I): in which: R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; R2 represents a carboxy group, or a salified or esterified carboxy group; m is 1 or 2; and n is a number from 4 to 200.

Abstract: Dispersants for pigments as well as dispersions containing them, and compositions such as inks and coatings containing them are described. The dispersants are the reaction product of at least one dianhydride with at least two different reactants, each of which can be an amine, alcohol, or thiol, and at least one of which is polymeric.

Abstract: Compositions, methods, apparatuses, kits, and combinations are described for permanently or temporarily re-designing, decorating, and/or re-coloring a surface. The compositions useful in the present disclosure include a décor product that is formulated to be applied and affixed to a surface. If desired, the décor product may be substantially removed from the surface before being affixed thereto. If a user desires to remove the décor product, the décor product is formulated to be removed by a number of methods including, for example, vacuuming, wet extraction, chemical application, and the like. If the user desires to affix the décor product to the surface in a permanent or semi-permanent manner, the décor product may be affixed to the surface by applying energy thereto in the form of, for example, by a sealant composition such as, for example, a solvent.